ThreadLocal
ThreadLocal,即线程变量,是一个以ThreadLocal对象为键、任意对象为值的存储结构。这个结构被附带在线程上,也就是说一个线程可以根据一个ThreadLocal对象查询到绑定在这个线程上的一个值。
-----《Java并发编程的艺术》
原理
在Thread类中维护了了一个ThreadLocalMap类型的对象
// Thread.java
ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
ThreadLocal的set方法以自身实例为key,将数据添加到当前线程的ThreadLocalMap 中去
// ThreadLocal.set()
public void set(T value) {
Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
// 获取线程的ThreadLocalMap
ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
if (map != null)
map.set(this, value);
else
createMap(t, value);
}
// 获取线程的ThreadLocalMap
ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
return t.threadLocals;
}
内存泄漏问题
使用ThreadLocal
会发生内存泄露问题。下面是ThreadLoaclMap的数据结构:
public class ThreadLocal<T> {
static class ThreadLocalMap {
static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
/** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
Object value;
Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
super(k);
value = v;
}
}
}
}
从代码中可以看出,Entry继承自WeakReference(弱引用,生命周期只能存活到下次GC前
),但只有Key是弱引用类型的,Value并非弱引,这就导致了一个问题,ThreadLocal在没有外部对象强引用时,发生GC时弱引用Key会被回收,而Value不会回收。当线程没有结束,但是ThreadLocal已经被回收,则可能导致线程中存在ThreadLocalMap<null, Object>的键值对,造成内存泄露。(ThreadLocal被回收,ThreadLocal关联的线程共享变量还存在
)。
底层实现中已经考虑了这种情况,在调用 set()
、get()
、remove()
方法的时候,会清理掉 key 为 null 的记录。因此使⽤完ThreadLocal⽅法后,最好⼿动调⽤ remove() ⽅法。
证明:ThreadLocal的get,set方法无法防止内存泄漏
Hash冲突
ThreadLocalMap
解决Hash
冲突的方式并非链表的方式,而是采用线性探测的方式,根据初始key
的hashcode
值确定元素在table
数组中的位置,如果发现这个位置上已经有其他key值的元素被占用,则利用固定的算法寻找一定步长的下个位置,依次判断,直至找到能够存放的位置。
private void set(ThreadLocal<?> key, Object value) {
// We don't use a fast path as with get() because it is at
// least as common to use set() to create new entries as
// it is to replace existing ones, in which case, a fast
// path would fail more often than not.
Entry[] tab = table;
int len = tab.length;
int i = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len-1);
// 线性探测,如果当前位置已存在数据,则寻找下一个下一个位置
for (Entry e = tab[i]; e != null; e = tab[i = nextIndex(i, len)]) {
ThreadLocal<?> k = e.get();
if (k == key) {
e.value = value;
return;
}
if (k == null) {
replaceStaleEntry(key, value, i);
return;
}
}
tab[i] = new Entry(key, value);
int sz = ++size;
if (!cleanSomeSlots(i, sz) && sz >= threshold)
rehash();
}
使用ThreadLocal进行登录验证
/**
* MyInterceptor
* 用于检测用户是否登录的拦截器
*
* @author xgSama
* @version 1.0
* @date 2020/5/2 10:19
*/
@Component
public class LoginTicketInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@Autowired
private HostHolder hostHolder;
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
// 从cookie中获取登录凭证
String ticket = CookieUtil.getValue(request, "ticket");
if (ticket != null) {
LoginTicket loginTicket = userService.findLoginTicket(ticket);
if (loginTicket != null && loginTicket.getStatus() == 1 && loginTicket.getExpired().after(new Date())) {
User user = userService.findUserById(loginTicket.getUserId());
// 在本次请求中持有用户
hostHolder.setUser(user);
}
}
return true;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
User user = hostHolder.getUser();
if (user != null && modelAndView != null) {
modelAndView.addObject("loginUser", user);
}
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
// 请求结束后清除ThreadLocal
// 这里是调用了ThreadLocal的remove方法,防止内存泄漏
hostHolder.clear();
}
}
HostHolder .java
/**
* HostHolder : 持有用户信息,用于代替Session对象
*
* @author xgSama
* @version 1.0
* @date 2020/5/2 11:50
*/
@Component
public class HostHolder {
private ThreadLocal<User> users = new ThreadLocal<>();
public void setUser(User user) {
users.set(user);
}
public User getUser() {
return users.get();
}
public void clear() {
users.remove();
}
}