目录
五、基于注解的 IOC 配置
以下注解是用于创建对象的,他们的作用就和在XML配置文件中编写一个<bean>标签实现的功能是一样的
(1)@Component:
作用:用于把当前类对象存入spring容器中
属性: * value:用于指定bean的id。当我们不写时,它的默认值是当前类名,且首字母改小写。
(2)Spring中提供了@Component的衍生注解:
@Controller:用来修饰WEB层类(控制层)(springMVC延用了该注解)
@Service:用来修饰service层类(业务层)
@Repository:用来修饰DAO层类(持久层)
以上三个注解他们的作用和属性与Component是一模一样。 他们三个是spring框架为我们提供明确的三层使用的注解,使我们的三层对象更加清晰。
以下注解是用于注入数据的,它们的作用就和在xml配置文件中的bean标签中写一个<property>标签的作用是一样的 @Autowired: 基于spring
作用:自动按照类型注入。只要容器中有唯一的一个bean对象类型和要注入的变量类型匹配,就可以注入成功。如果ioc容器中没有任何bean的类型和要注入的变量类型匹配,则报错。 如果Ioc容器中有多个类型匹配时:先按照类型匹配,如果不能匹配上,会按照属性的名称进行匹配
出现位置: 可以是变量上,也可以是set方法上
细节:在使用注解注入时,set方法就不是必须的了。
@Qualifier: 配合@Autowired注解一起使用
作用:在按照类型注入的基础之上再按照名称注入。
属性: value:用于指定注入bean的id。
@Resource JSR-250标准(基于jdk)
作用:直接按照bean的id名称注入。如果id属性不存在,可以再按照类型注入。它可以独立使用
属性: name:用于指定bean的id,如果指定name,只能按照bean的id注入,不能按照类型注入。 注意:
以上三个注入都只能注入其他bean类型的数据,而基本类型和String类型无法使用上述注解实现(使用@Value)。
以下注解是用于改变作用范围的,他们的作用就和在bean标签中使用scope属性实现的功能是一样的
@Scope
作用:用于指定bean的作用范围
属性: value:指定范围的取值。
常用取值:singleton prototype
AccountDaoImpl.java
package com.cpz.dao.impl;
import com.cpz.dao.AccountDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository(value = "accountDao")
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
public void save() {
System.out.println("执行AccountServiceImpl中的save方法....");
}
}
AccountServiceImpl.java
@Service(value = "accountService")
@Scope(value = "singleton")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
//@Autowired
//@Qualifier(value = "accountDao")
@Resource(name = "accountDao2")
AccountDao accountDao;
@Value(value = "xixi")
String msg;
public AccountServiceImpl(){
System.out.println("构造方法...");
}
public void saveAccount() {
System.out.println("执行AccountServiceImpl中的saveAccount方法...." + msg);
accountDao.save();
}
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
System.out.println("初始化...");
}
@PreDestroy
public void destroy(){
System.out.println("销毁...");
}
}
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--告知spring在创建容器时要扫描的包,配置所需要的标签不是在beans的约束中,而是一个名称为
context名称空间和约束中-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.cpz"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
六、使用 Spring 的 IOC 实现账户的CRUD
6.1 使用 XML 配置 IOC
导入坐标,pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.cpz</groupId>
<artifactId>spring_account_xmlioc</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 使用import标签导入其他配置文件 -->
<import resource="classpath:applicationContext-dao.xml"></import>
<import resource="classpath:applicationContext-service.xml"></import>
<import resource="classpath:applicationContext-dbutils.xml"></import>
</beans>
applicationContext-dao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--配置Dao对象-->
<bean id="accountDao" class="com.cpz.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
<property name="queryRunner" ref="queryRunner"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
applicationContext-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置Service -->
<bean id="accountService" class="com.cpz.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
<property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
applicationContext-dbutils.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 与jdbc.properties属性文件相关联 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!--配置QueryRunner,设置prototype为多例,表示每次调用都获取一个新的连接对象-->
<bean id="queryRunner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype">
<constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!-- 配置数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
jdbc.properties
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///spring
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=1234
AccountDao.java
package com.cpz.dao;
import com.cpz.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;
public interface AccountDao {
public List<Account> findAll();
public Account findById(Integer id);
public void save(Account account);
public void update(Account account);
public void delete(Integer id);
}
AccountDaoImpl.java
package com.cpz.dao.impl;
import com.cpz.dao.AccountDao;
import com.cpz.domain.Account;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner;
import org.apache.commons.dbutils.handlers.BeanListHandler;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
QueryRunner queryRunner;
public void setQueryRunner(QueryRunner queryRunner) {
this.queryRunner = queryRunner;
}
public List<Account> findAll() {
List<Account> list = null;
try {
list = queryRunner.query("select * from account", new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class));
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return list;
}
public Account findById(Integer id) {
List<Account> list = null;
try {
list = queryRunner.query("select * from account where id = ?",new BeanListHandler<Account>(Account.class),id);
if (list == null && list.size() == 0){
return null;
}else if (list.size() > 1){
new RuntimeException("查询结果大于一");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return list.get(0);
}
public void save(Account account) {
try {
queryRunner.update("insert into account (name,money) values (?,?)",account.getName(),account.getMoney());
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void update(Account account) {
try {
queryRunner.update("update account set name = ?,money = ? where id = ?",account.getName(),account.getMoney(),account.getId());
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void delete(Integer id) {
try {
queryRunner.update("delete from account where id = ?",id);
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
AccountService.java
package com.cpz.service;
import com.cpz.domain.Account;
import java.util.List;
public interface AccountService {
public List<Account> findAccountAll();
public Account findAccountById(Integer id);
public void saveAccount(Account account);
public void updateAccount(Account account);
public void deleteAccount(Integer id);
}
AccountServiceImpl.java
package com.cpz.service.impl;
import com.cpz.dao.AccountDao;
import com.cpz.domain.Account;
import com.cpz.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
AccountDao accountDao;
public void setAccountDao(AccountDao accountDao) {
this.accountDao = accountDao;
}
public List<Account> findAccountAll() {
List<Account> list = accountDao.findAll();
return list;
}
public Account findAccountById(Integer id) {
Account account = accountDao.findById(id);
return account;
}
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.save(account);
}
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
accountDao.update(account);
}
public void deleteAccount(Integer id) {
accountDao.delete(id);
}
}
SpringTest 测试类
package com.cpz.test;
import com.cpz.domain.Account;
import com.cpz.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.util.List;
public class SpringTest {
@Test
public void findAll(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
AccountService accountService = ac.getBean("accountService", AccountService.class);
List<Account> list = accountService.findAccountAll();
for (Account account : list) {
System.out.println(account);
}
}
@Test
public void findById(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
AccountService accountService = ac.getBean("accountService", AccountService.class);
Account account = accountService.findAccountById(1);
System.out.println(account);
}
@Test
public void save(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
AccountService accountService = ac.getBean("accountService", AccountService.class);
Account account = new Account();
account.setName("ccc");
account.setMoney(200f);
accountService.saveAccount(account);
}
@Test
public void update(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
AccountService accountService = ac.getBean("accountService", AccountService.class);
Account account = accountService.findAccountById(3);
account.setName("张三");
accountService.updateAccount(account);
}
@Test
public void delete(){
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
AccountService accountService = ac.getBean("accountService", AccountService.class);
accountService.deleteAccount(3);
}
}
6.2 使用注解配置 IOC
这里使用的注解就是本文开头所讲的那些,更多的注解用法将在下一章详细阐述。
6.3 应用
今后企业开发的时候:一般配置文件(xml)+ 注解混合使用
配置文件:
第三方提供的对象(QueryRunner、C3P0),可以由配置文件XML完成
自己创建的对象(Controller、Service、Dao、工具类Utils),可以由注解进行完成