java设计模式-组合模式

java设计模式-组合模式

基本介绍

组合模式也叫整体部分模式，他创建了对象组的树形结构，将对象组合成树状结构来表示整体-结构之间的关系。

原理类图

解释说明：
1、Component：组合对象的顶层接口，实现所有类共用的接口默认方法，用于管理Component的子部件，Component可以使抽象类也可以是接口。
2、Leaf：最下层的类，没有子节点
3、Composite：中间层类，用于存储子部件。

案例分享

顶层接口类

public abstract class OrganizationComponent {
    private String name;
    private String des;

    public OrganizationComponent(String name, String des) {
        this.name = name;
        this.des = des;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDes() {
        return des;
    }

    public void setDes(String des) {
        this.des = des;
    }

    protected void add(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent){
        throw  new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    protected void remove(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent){
        throw  new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }

    protected abstract void print();
}

中间层对象类1

public class University extends OrganizationComponent{

    List<OrganizationComponent> organizationComponentList = new ArrayList<OrganizationComponent>();

    public University(String name, String des) {
        super(name, des);
    }

    @Override
    protected void add(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent) {
        organizationComponentList.add(organizationComponent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void remove(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent) {
        organizationComponentList.remove(organizationComponent);
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return super.getName();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDes() {
        return super.getDes();
    }

    /**
     * 输出University包含的所有叶子
     */
    protected void print() {
        System.out.println("***********"+getName()+"****************");
        for (OrganizationComponent organizationComponent:organizationComponentList) {
            organizationComponent.print();
        }
    }
}

中间层对象类2

public class Collage extends OrganizationComponent{

    //list中存放的是department
    List<OrganizationComponent> organizationComponentList = new ArrayList<OrganizationComponent>();

    public Collage(String name, String des) {
        super(name, des);
    }

    @Override
    protected void add(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent) {
        organizationComponentList.add(organizationComponent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void remove(OrganizationComponent organizationComponent) {
        organizationComponentList.remove(organizationComponent);
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return super.getName();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDes() {
        return super.getDes();
    }

    /**
     * 输出University包含的所有叶子
     */
    protected void print() {
        System.out.println("***********"+getName()+"****************");
        for (OrganizationComponent organizationComponent:organizationComponentList) {
            organizationComponent.print();
        }
    }
}

底层对象类

public class Department extends OrganizationComponent{

    public Department(String name, String des) {
        super(name, des);
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return super.getName();
    }

    @Override
    public String getDes() {
        return super.getDes();
    }

    //不在需要编写 add 和remove 方法
    protected void print() {
        System.out.println(getName());
    }
}

测试实例

public class Test{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //从大到小创建对象
        OrganizationComponent university = new University("清华大学", "中国顶级大学");

        //创建学院
        OrganizationComponent collage = new Collage("计算机", "计算机学院");
        OrganizationComponent collage2 = new Collage("水利", "水利学院");


        //学院下的系
        Department department = new Department("软件工程", "软件工程系");
        Department department2 = new Department("网络工程", "网络工程系");
        collage.add(department);
        collage.add(department2);

        collage2.add(new Department("水利工程","水利工程系"));

        university.add(collage);
        university.add(collage2);

        university.print();

        collage.print();

        collage2.print();
    }
}

总结

• 组合模式适用于层次关系比较明了的开发环境。
• 组合模式的扩展性比较好，只需要面对一致的对象而不用考虑整体部分或者叶子结点的问题。
• 在开发过程中使用的较多，尤其是需要遍历组织机构，或者处理的对象具有属性结构的时候。