借助netlink实现内核模块和用户进程通信

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-01 11:00:09 发布

choumin

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-01 11:00:09 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/choumin/article/details/109254149

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借助内核提供的 netlink 机制可以实现内核模块与用户程序之间的通信，逻辑相对比较简单，以下代码摘抄自 stackoverflow 上的一个回答，并做了部分改动。
先看内核模块的代码：

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <net/sock.h> 
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h> 
#include <linux/sched.h>

#define NETLINK_USER 31

struct sock *nl_sk = NULL;

extern void flush_tlb_all(void);
static void mymodule_nl_recv_msg(struct sk_buff *skb)
{

    struct nlmsghdr *nlh;
    int pid;
    struct sk_buff *skb_out;
    int msg_size;
    int res;
    struct task_struct *task;

    printk(KERN_INFO "Entering: %s\n", __FUNCTION__);

    nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)skb->data;
    printk(KERN_INFO "Netlink received msg payload: %s\n", (char *)nlmsg_data(nlh));
    pid = nlh->nlmsg_pid; /*pid of sending process */
	
    msg_size = 8;
    skb_out = nlmsg_new(msg_size, 0);
    if (!skb_out) {
        printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to allocate new skb\n");
        return;
    }

    nlh = nlmsg_put(skb_out, 0, 0, NLMSG_DONE, msg_size, 0);
    NETLINK_CB(skb_out).dst_group = 0; /* not in mcast group */

    task = pid_task(find_vpid(pid), PIDTYPE_PID); 
    sprintf(nlmsg_data(nlh), "%d", task->tgid);

    res = nlmsg_unicast(nl_sk, skb_out, pid);
    if (res < 0)
        printk(KERN_INFO "Error while sending bak to user\n");
}

static int __init mymodule_init(void)
{
    struct netlink_kernel_cfg cfg = {
        .input = mymodule_nl_recv_msg,
    };

    printk("Entering: %s\n", __FUNCTION__);

    nl_sk = netlink_kernel_create(&init_net, NETLINK_USER, &cfg);
    if (!nl_sk) {
        printk(KERN_ALERT "Error creating socket.\n");
        return -10;
    }

    return 0;
}

static void __exit mymodule_exit(void)
{
    printk(KERN_INFO "exiting mymodule module\n");
    netlink_kernel_release(nl_sk);
}

module_init(mymodule_init); module_exit(mymodule_exit);

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

Makefile：

obj-m := mymodule.o

KDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build

all:
	make -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules
clean:
	rm -f *.ko *.o *.mod.o *.mod.c *.symvers *.order

用户侧代码：

#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define NETLINK_USER 31

#define MAX_PAYLOAD 1024 /* maximum payload size*/
struct sockaddr_nl src_addr, dest_addr;
struct nlmsghdr *nlh = NULL;
struct iovec iov;
int sock_fd;
struct msghdr msg;

int main()
{
    char buf[16];

    sock_fd = socket(PF_NETLINK, SOCK_RAW, NETLINK_USER);
    if (sock_fd < 0)
        return -1;

    memset(&src_addr, 0, sizeof(src_addr));
    src_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
    src_addr.nl_pid = getpid(); /* self pid */

    bind(sock_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&src_addr, sizeof(src_addr));

    memset(&dest_addr, 0, sizeof(dest_addr));
    dest_addr.nl_family = AF_NETLINK;
    dest_addr.nl_pid = 0; /* For Linux Kernel */
    dest_addr.nl_groups = 0; /* unicast */

    nlh = (struct nlmsghdr *)malloc(NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
    memset(nlh, 0, NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD));
    nlh->nlmsg_len = NLMSG_SPACE(MAX_PAYLOAD);
    nlh->nlmsg_pid = getpid();
    nlh->nlmsg_flags = 0;

    printf("My pid is: %d\n", getpid());
    sprintf(buf, "%d", getpid());
    strcpy(NLMSG_DATA(nlh), buf);

    iov.iov_base = (void *)nlh;
    iov.iov_len = nlh->nlmsg_len;
    msg.msg_name = (void *)&dest_addr;
    msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(dest_addr);
    msg.msg_iov = &iov;
    msg.msg_iovlen = 1;

    printf("Sending message to kernel\n");
    sendmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
    printf("Waiting for message from kernel\n");

    /* Read message from kernel */
    recvmsg(sock_fd, &msg, 0);
    printf("Received message payload: %s\n", NLMSG_DATA(nlh));
    if (!strcmp(buf, NLMSG_DATA(nlh))) {
    	printf("communicate successfully!\n");
    } else {
    	printf("communicate failed!\n");
    }
    close(sock_fd);
}

安装模块（略）

运行用户程序：

$ gcc -o main ./main.c
$ ./main 
My pid is: 3987
Sending message to kernel
Waiting for message from kernel
Received message payload: 3987
communicate successfully!

查看模块输出：

$ dmesg |tail
...
[ 2778.165682] Entering: mymodule_init
[ 2808.253696] Entering: mymodule_nl_recv_msg
[ 2808.253698] Netlink received msg payload: 3987

参考资料：
1. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3299386/how-to-use-netlink-socket-to-communicate-with-a-kernel-module