使用ioctl与内核模块通信

在 linux 中可以使用 ioctl() 函数实现用户程序与内核模块通信，原理相对比较简单，即在内核模块中创建设备文件，并实现 unlocked_ioctl() 文件操作接口, 在实现时，需要定义若干请求码和对应的处理逻辑，最后在用户程序中调用 ioctl() 函数向内核模块发送请求码和参数，由内核模块进行处理和响应。下面看示例代码：
内核模块：

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>

enum {
	ADD,
	SUB,	
	MUL = 3,
	DIV,
	MOD	
};

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("zhoumin");

static long ioctl_demo(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
	unsigned long arg)
{
	int nums[2];
	int ret;

	switch (cmd) {
	case ADD:
		if (copy_from_user(nums, (void *)arg, sizeof(nums)))
			return -EFAULT;
		ret = nums[0] + nums[1];
		printk(KERN_INFO "%d + %d = %d\n", nums[0], 
			nums[1], ret);
		break;
	case SUB:
		if (copy_from_user(nums, (void *)arg, sizeof(nums)))
			return -EFAULT;
		ret = nums[0] - nums[1];
		printk(KERN_INFO "%d - %d = %d\n", nums[0], nums[1], ret);
		break;
	case MUL:
		if (copy_from_user(nums, (void *)arg, sizeof(nums)))
			return -EFAULT;
		ret = nums[0] * nums[1];
		printk(KERN_INFO "%d * %d = %d\n", nums[0], nums[1], ret);
		break;
	case DIV:
		if (copy_from_user(nums, (void *)arg, sizeof(nums)) || nums[1] == 0)
			return -EFAULT;
		ret = nums[0] / nums[1];
		printk(KERN_INFO "%d / %d = %d\n", nums[0], nums[1], ret);
		break;
	case MOD:
		if (copy_from_user(nums, (void *)arg, sizeof(nums)) || nums[1] == 0)
			return -EFAULT;
		ret = nums[0] % nums[1];
		printk(KERN_INFO "%d %% %d = %d\n", nums[0], nums[1], ret);
		break;
	default:
		printk(KERN_ALERT "unsupported op: %d\n", cmd);	
		return -EFAULT;
	}

	if (copy_to_user(((int *)arg) + 2, &ret, sizeof(ret)))
		return -EFAULT;

	return 0;
}

struct file_operations ioctl_ops = {
    .unlocked_ioctl = ioctl_demo,
};

static struct miscdevice ioctl_dev = {
    MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
    "ioctl_demo",
    &ioctl_ops,
}; 

static int ioctl_mod_init(void)
{
    int ret;

    ret = misc_register(&ioctl_dev);
    if (ret) {        
        pr_err("ioctl_demo: misc device register failed\n");
		return -1;
    } 

    printk(KERN_ALERT "ioctl module init!\n");

    return 0;
}

static void ioctl_mod_exit(void)
{
    misc_deregister(&ioctl_dev); 
    printk(KERN_ALERT "ioctl module exit!\n");
}

module_init(ioctl_mod_init);
module_exit(ioctl_mod_exit);

用户程序：

#include <assert.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

enum {
	ADD,
	SUB,
	MUL = 3,
	DIV,
	MOD,
};

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int fd;
	int nums[3];

	if (argc != 4) {
		printf("Usage: %s num1 op(+,-,x,/,%) num2\n", argv[0]);
		return -1;
	}
	
	nums[0] = atoi(argv[1]);
	nums[1] = atoi(argv[3]);

	fd = open("/dev/ioctl_demo", O_RDONLY);

	switch (argv[2][0]) {
	case '+':
		ioctl(fd, ADD, nums);
		assert(nums[0] + nums[1] == nums[2]);
		break;
	case '-':
		ioctl(fd, SUB, nums);
		assert(nums[0] - nums[1] == nums[2]);
		break;
	case 'x':
		ioctl(fd, MUL, nums);
		assert(nums[0] * nums[1] == nums[2]);
		break;
	case '/':
		if (nums[1] == 0) {
			printf("num2 cannot be zero!\n");
			goto out;
		}
		ioctl(fd, DIV, nums);
		assert(nums[0] / nums[1] == nums[2]);
		break;
	case '%':
		if (nums[1] == 0) {
			printf("num2 cannot be zero!\n");
			goto out;
		}
		ioctl(fd, MOD, nums);
		assert(nums[0] % nums[1] == nums[2]);
		break;
	default:
		printf("unsupported op: %s\n", argv[2]);
		break;
	}
	printf("%d %s %d = %d\n", nums[0], argv[2], nums[1], nums[2]);
	
out:
	close(fd);

	return 0;
}

测试效果
用户程序输出：

$ ./main 19 + 91
19 + 91 = 110
$ ./main 19 - 91
19 - 91 = -72
$ ./main 19 x 91
19 x 91 = 1729
$ ./main 19 / 91
19 / 91 = 0
$ ./main 19 % 91
19 % 91 = 19

内核模块输出：

$ dmesg
[19215.796000] ioctl module init!
[19385.856000] 19 + 91 = 110
[19390.336000] 19 - 91 = -72
[19397.224000] 19 * 91 = 1729
[19418.400000] 19 / 91 = 0
[19421.144000] 19 % 91 = 19