1.定义一个Person类
属性:String name
, boolean gender
, int age
, int id
,所有的变量必须为私有(private)。
无参构造函数:Person()
, 功能:打印This is constructor 。
有参构造函数:Person(name, gender, age)
,功能:给属性赋值。
建议:使用Eclipse自动生成toString方法
2.定义类的初始化块
为Person类加入初始化块,在初始化块中对id
属性赋值,并且要保证每次的值比上次创建的对象的值+1
。然后在下一行打印This is initialization block, id is ...
其中...
是id的值。
提示:可为Person
类定义一个static
属性来记录所创建的对象个数。
3.编写静态初始化块
打印This is static initialization block
4.编写main方法
- 首先输入n,代表要创建的对象数量。
- 然后从控制台分别读取n行的
name age gender
, 并调用有参构造函数Person(name, age, gender)
新建对象 。 - 将创建好的n个对象逆序输出(即输出
toString()
方法)。 - 使用无参构造函数新建一个Person对象,然后直接打印该对象。
思考
初始化类与对象有几种方法,构造函数、初始化块、静态初始化块。这三种方法执行的先后顺序是什么?各执行几次。
输入样例:
3
a 11 false
b 12 true
c 10 false
输出样例:
This is static initialization block
This is initialization block, id is 0
This is initialization block, id is 1
This is initialization block, id is 2
Person [name=c, age=10, gender=false, id=2]
Person [name=b, age=12, gender=true, id=1]
Person [name=a, age=11, gender=false, id=0]
This is initialization block, id is 3
This is constructor
null,0,false,3
Person [name=null, age=0, gender=false, id=3]
代码:
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
class Person {
static {
System.out.println("This is static initialization block");
}
private String name;
private boolean gender;
private int age;
private static int id = -1;
Person(){
this.id ++;
System.out.println("This is constructor");
System.out.println(name+","+age+","+gender+","+id);
System.out.println(toString());
}
Person(String name,int age,boolean gender){
this.id ++;
this.name=name;
this.age=age;
this.gender=gender;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", gender=" + gender + ", id=" + id + "]";
}
{
System.out.printf("This is initialization block, id is %d\n", this.id + 1);
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]) {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = cin.nextInt();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++ ) {
String name = cin.next();
int age = cin.nextInt();
boolean gender = cin.nextBoolean();
Person person = new Person(name, age, gender);
list.add(person.toString());
}
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i -- ) {
System.out.println(list.get(i));
}
Person a = new Person();
}
}