Executor与ThreadPoolExecutor

创建线程池

• 创建无界线程池

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

• 创建固定数量的线程池

ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

• 创建单一线程的线程池

ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

• 创建定时或周期任务的线程池

ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(3);

使用Executors创建线程池

一般使用Executors的静态方法创建线程池，需要定制化可以使用ThreadPoolExecutor类进行详细参数设定。

public class ExecutorTest {
   
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
            final int k = i;
            executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" user"+(k+1));
                }
            });
        }
        Thread.sleep(3000);
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++){
            final int k = i;
            executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" user"+(k+1));
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

可以观察到使用newCachedThreadPool创建的线程池里面的线程得到了复用，因为线程池线程名称唯一（从源码可以看出默认新创建的线程会保持60秒)
使用Executors的静态方法底层是调用了ThreadPoolExecutor类

public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
    }

使用newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory) 替换默认线程工厂

public class MyThreadFactory implements ThreadFactory{
   
    @Override
    public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
        Random random = new Random();
        Thread thread = new Thread(r);
        thread.setName("yuchuan-thread-" + random.nextInt(100));
        return thread;
    }
}

public class ExecutorTest {
   
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyThreadFactory myThreadFactory = new MyThreadFactory();
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(myThreadFactory);
        executorService.execute(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("running " + Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }
        });
    }
}

ThreadPoolExecutor 使用Executors的静态方法底层都是调用了ThreadPoolExecutor类

ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize, int maximumPoolSize, long keepAliveTime, TimeUnit unit, BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) 

线程池核心数量与任务数关系

如果线程数量 < corePoolSize 则直接执行任务，不放入扩展队列Queue中。

ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(7,8,5,TimeUnit.SECONDS,new LinkedBlockingDeque<Runnable>())

如果corePoolSize < 线程数量 < maximumPoolSize且队列使用LinkedBlockingDeque，则放入队列；如果队列使用SynchronousQueue类，会立即执行，且当时间keepAliveTime超过5秒时，清除空闲线程。
BlockingQueue 常用的实现类LinkedBlockingQueue 和ArrayBlockingQueue。用 LinkedBlockingQueue的好处在于没有大小限制，所以执行execute()不会抛出异常。线程池中运行的线程数也永远不会超过corePoolSize，因为其他多于的线程被放入LinkedBlockingQueue队列，keepAliveTime参数也就没有意义。

如果线程数量 > maximumPoolSize 且队列使用 LinkedBlockingQueue 则会放入队列；若队列使用 SynchronousQueue 则会抛出拒绝异常

shutdown() VS shutdownNow()

方法shutdown()的作用是使当前未执行完的线程继续执行，而不再添加新的任务task，还有shutdown()方法不会阻塞，调用shutdown()方法后，主线程main就马上结束了，而线程池会继续运行直到所有任务执行完才会停止。如果不调用shutdown()方法，那么线程池会一直保持下去，以便随时执行被添加的task任务。
方法shutdownNow()的作用是中断所有的任务task，并且抛出InterruptedException异常，前提是在Runnable中使用if(Thread.currentThread.isInterrupted()==true)语句来判断当前线程的中断状态，而未执行的线程不再执行，也就是从执行队列中清除。如果没有if(Thread.currentThread.isInterrupted()==true)语句及抛出异常的代码，则池中正在运行的线程直到执行完毕，而未执行的线程将不再执行，也从执行队列中清除。

public class MyRunnable1 implements Runnable {
   
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" " + System.currentTimeMillis());
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" end");
    }
}

public class ExecutorTest {
   
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        MyRunnable1 myRunnable1 = new MyRunnable1();
        ThreadPoolExecutor pool =