Android学习（五）由MediaPlayer切入（1）

由MediaPlayer切入

MediaPalyer的基本用法：

private MediaPlayer mp = new MediaPlayer(); 开始播放： mp.setDataSource("/sdcard/test.mp3"); mp.prepare(); mp.start(); 播放完成监听： mp.setOnCompletionListener(new OnCompletionListener(){   @Override   public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) {        mp.release();      }   }); 播放暂停： mp.pause(); 播放终止： mp.stop();

1. MediaPlayer的构造函数

进入到MediaPlayer的源码部分，从第一步构造函数开始：

/*\frameworks\base\media\java\android\media\MediaPlayer.java*/

/**      * Default constructor. Consider using one of the create() methods for      * synchronously instantiating a MediaPlayer from a Uri or resource.      * <p>When done with the MediaPlayer, you should call  {@link #release()},      * to free the resources. If not released, too many MediaPlayer instances may      * result in an exception.</p>      */     public MediaPlayer() {           Looper looper;à 得到当前线程的Looper, 并创建EventHandler对象         if ((looper = Looper.myLooper()) != null) {             mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);         } else if ((looper = Looper.getMainLooper()) != null) {             mEventHandler = new EventHandler(this, looper);         } else {             mEventHandler = null;         }           /* Native setup requires a weak reference to our object.          * It's easier to create it here than in C++.          */         native_setup(new WeakReference<MediaPlayer>(this));     }

首先看一下EventHandler的定义：

/*\frameworks\base\media\java\android\media\MediaPlayer.java*/

private class EventHandler extends Handler     {         private MediaPlayer mMediaPlayer;           public EventHandler(MediaPlayer mp, Looper looper) {             super(looper);             mMediaPlayer = mp;         }           @Override         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {             if (mMediaPlayer.mNativeContext == 0) {                 Log.w(TAG, "mediaplayer went away with unhandled events");                 return;             }             switch(msg.what) {             case MEDIA_PREPARED:                 if (mOnPreparedListener != null)                     mOnPreparedListener.onPrepared(mMediaPlayer);                 return;               case MEDIA_PLAYBACK_COMPLETE:                 if (mOnCompletionListener != null)                     mOnCompletionListener.onCompletion(mMediaPlayer);                 stayAwake(false);                 return; …

可见EventHandler是一个handler，根据收到的不同Message对上层进行回调。

再看一下native_setup函数定义：

/* \frameworks\base\media\java\android\media\MediaPlayer.java*/

private native final void native_setup(Object mediaplayer_this);

 

可见是一个native函数调用，找到相关的实现：

/*\frameworks\base\media\jni\android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp*/

static void android_media_MediaPlayer_native_setup(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject weak_this) {     LOGV("native_setup");     sp<MediaPlayer> mp = new MediaPlayer();     if (mp == NULL) {         jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/RuntimeException", "Out of memory");         return;     }       // create new listener and give it to MediaPlayer     sp<JNIMediaPlayerListener> listener = new JNIMediaPlayerListener(env, thiz, weak_this);     mp->setListener(listener);       // Stow our new C++ MediaPlayer in an opaque field in the Java object.     setMediaPlayer(env, thiz, mp);à SetIntField(thiz, fields.context, (int)player.get())，将创建的player与Java层的mNativeContext联系起来。mNativeContext在Java层的EventHandler.handleMessage中判断是否是对应的底层mediaplayer返回的信息。如果不是，就不处理。 }

查看一下JNI层的listerner定义：

/*\frameworks\base\media\jni\android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp*/

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // ref-counted object for callbacks class JNIMediaPlayerListener: public MediaPlayerListener { public:     JNIMediaPlayerListener(JNIEnv* env, jobject thiz, jobject weak_thiz);     ~JNIMediaPlayerListener();     void notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2); private:     JNIMediaPlayerListener();     jclass      mClass;     // Reference to MediaPlayer class     jobject     mObject;    // Weak ref to MediaPlayer Java object to call on };   JNIMediaPlayerListener::JNIMediaPlayerListener(JNIEnv* env, jobject thiz, jobject weak_thiz) {       // Hold onto the MediaPlayer class for use in calling the static method     // that posts events to the application thread.     jclass clazz = env->GetObjectClass(thiz);     if (clazz == NULL) {         LOGE("Can't find android/media/MediaPlayer");         jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/Exception", NULL);         return;     }     mClass = (jclass)env->NewGlobalRef(clazz);       // We use a weak reference so the MediaPlayer object can be garbage collected.     // The reference is only used as a proxy for callbacks.     mObject  = env->NewGlobalRef(weak_thiz); }   JNIMediaPlayerListener::~JNIMediaPlayerListener() {     // remove global references     JNIEnv *env = AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv();     env->DeleteGlobalRef(mObject);     env->DeleteGlobalRef(mClass); }   void JNIMediaPlayerListener::notify(int msg, int ext1, int ext2) {     JNIEnv *env = AndroidRuntime::getJNIEnv();     env->CallStaticVoidMethod(mClass, fields.post_event, mObject, msg, ext1, ext2, 0); }

作用就是将JNI层的消息能上传到java层。

sp<MediaPlayer> mp = new MediaPlayer();的定义：

/*\frameworks\av\media\libmedia\mediaplayer.cpp*/

MediaPlayer::MediaPlayer() {     ALOGV("constructor");     mListener = NULL;     mCookie = NULL;     mStreamType = AUDIO_STREAM_MUSIC;     mCurrentPosition = -1;     mSeekPosition = -1;     mCurrentState = MEDIA_PLAYER_IDLE;     mPrepareSync = false;     mPrepareStatus = NO_ERROR;     mLoop = false;     mLeftVolume = mRightVolume = 1.0;     mVideoWidth = mVideoHeight = 0;     mLockThreadId = 0;     mAudioSessionId = AudioSystem::newAudioSessionId();     AudioSystem::acquireAudioSessionId(mAudioSessionId);     mSendLevel = 0;     mRetransmitEndpointValid = false; }

 

mAudioSessionId = AUdioSystem::newAudioSessionId();，得到新的AudioSessionId

/*\frameworks\av\media\libmedia\AudioSystem.cpp*/

int AudioSystem::newAudioSessionId() {     const sp<IAudioFlinger>& af = AudioSystem::get_audio_flinger();     if (af == 0) return 0;     return af->newAudioSessionId(); }

 

AudioSystem::get_audio_flinger();获取AudioFlinger的BpBinder：

/*\frameworks\av\media\libmedia\AudioSystem.cpp*/

sp<IAudioFlinger> AudioSystem::gAudioFlinger;   const sp<IAudioFlinger>& AudioSystem::get_audio_flinger() {     Mutex::Autolock _l(gLock);     if (gAudioFlinger == 0) {         sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();         sp<IBinder> binder;         do {             binder = sm->getService(String16("media.audio_flinger"));             if (binder != 0)                 break;             ALOGW("AudioFlinger not published, waiting...");             usleep(500000); // 0.5 s         } while (true);         if (gAudioFlingerClient == NULL) {             gAudioFlingerClient = new AudioFlingerClient();         } else {             if (gAudioErrorCallback) {                 gAudioErrorCallback(NO_ERROR);             }         }         binder->linkToDeath(gAudioFlingerClient);         gAudioFlinger = interface_cast<IAudioFlinger>(binder);         gAudioFlinger->registerClient(gAudioFlingerClient);     }     ALOGE_IF(gAudioFlinger==0, "no AudioFlinger!?");       return gAudioFlinger; }

这里与AudioFlinger服务发生联系，暂且不理，以分析MediaPlayerService为主。

暂且知道通过audiosessionId，将mediaplayer，audioflinger绑定起来。每个audiosession和一个pid对应，组成了一个AudioSessionRef。AudioSessionRefs队列维护当前系统中运行的audiosession。

1. mp.setDataSource("/sdcard/test.mp3");

 

API中的setDataSource：

/*\frameworks\base\media\java\android\media\MediaPlayer.java*/

public void setDataSource(String path)             throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, SecurityException, IllegalStateException {         setDataSource(path, null, null); }   private native void _setDataSource(FileDescriptor fd, long offset, long length)             throws IOException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalStateException;

虽然进行了多种封装，但最终还是调用一个Native函数：

/*\frameworks\base\media\jni\android_media_MediaPlayer.cpp*/

static void android_media_MediaPlayer_setDataSourceFD(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz, jobject fileDescriptor, jlong offset, jlong length) {     sp<MediaPlayer> mp = getMediaPlayer(env, thiz);     if (mp == NULL ) {         jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", NULL);         return;     }       if (fileDescriptor == NULL) {         jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalArgumentException", NULL);         return;     }     int fd = jniGetFDFromFileDescriptor(env, fileDescriptor);     ALOGV("setDataSourceFD: fd %d", fd);     process_media_player_call( env, thiz, mp->setDataSource(fd, offset, length), "java/io/IOException", "setDataSourceFD failed." ); }

/*\frameworks\av\media\libmedia\mediaplayer.cpp*/

status_t MediaPlayer::setDataSource(int fd, int64_t offset, int64_t length) {     ALOGV("setDataSource(%d, %lld, %lld)", fd, offset, length);     status_t err = UNKNOWN_ERROR;     const sp<IMediaPlayerService>& service(getMediaPlayerService());     if (service != 0) {         sp<IMediaPlayer> player(service->create(this, mAudioSessionId));         if ((NO_ERROR != doSetRetransmitEndpoint(player)) ||             (NO_ERROR != player->setDataSource(fd, offset, length))) {             player.clear();         }         err = attachNewPlayer(player);     }     return err; }

看看MediaPlayer的定义：

class MediaPlayer : public BnMediaPlayerClient,

                    public virtual IMediaDeathNotifier

所以getMediaPlayerService()函数定义在IMediaDeathNotifier中：

/*\frameworks\av\media\libmedia\IMediaDeathNotifier.cpp*/

IMediaDeathNotifier::getMediaPlayerService() {     ALOGV("getMediaPlayerService");     Mutex::Autolock _l(sServiceLock);     if (sMediaPlayerService == 0) {         sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();         sp<IBinder> binder;         do {             binder = sm->getService(String16("media.player"));             if (binder != 0) {                 break;             }             ALOGW("Media player service not published, waiting...");             usleep(500000); // 0.5 s         } while (true);           if (sDeathNotifier == NULL) {             sDeathNotifier = new DeathNotifier();         }         binder->linkToDeath(sDeathNotifier);         sMediaPlayerService = interface_cast<IMediaPlayerService>(binder);     }     ALOGE_IF(sMediaPlayerService == 0, "no media player service!?");     return sMediaPlayerService; }

注意这里的defaultServiceManager()函数，它会返回一个IServiceManager对象，通过它来与ServiceManager进程进行交互。

/*\frameworks\native\libs\binder\IServiceManager.cpp*/

sp<IServiceManager> defaultServiceManager() {     if (gDefaultServiceManager != NULL) return gDefaultServiceManager;        {         AutoMutex _l(gDefaultServiceManagerLock);         while (gDefaultServiceManager == NULL) {             gDefaultServiceManager = interface_cast<IServiceManager>(                 ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL));             if (gDefaultServiceManager == NULL)                 sleep(1);         }     }         return gDefaultServiceManager; }

看看ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL)前面已经分析过，返回一个new BpBinder(handle);handle值为0。

 

看看interface_cast的定义：

/*\frameworks\native\include\binder\IInterface.h*/

template<typename INTERFACE> inline sp<INTERFACE> interface_cast(const sp<IBinder>& obj) {     return INTERFACE::asInterface(obj); }

定义的是一个函数模版，调用后相当于调用IServiceManager:: asInterface(obj)，然而这又是在哪里定义的呢？

/*\frameworks\native\libs\binder\IServiceManager.h*/

class IServiceManager : public IInterface { public:     DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(ServiceManager);

有这样一个宏定义，这个宏又是在哪里呢？

/*\frameworks\native\include\binder\IInterface.h*/

#define DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE)                               \     static const android::String16 descriptor;                          \     static android::sp<I##INTERFACE> asInterface(                       \             const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj);                  \     virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;    \     I##INTERFACE();                                                     \     virtual ~I##INTERFACE();                                            \

将DECLARE_META_INTERFACE(ServiceManager)定义转意：

static const android::String16 descriptor;à定义一个描述符字符串   static android::sp<IServiceManager> asInterface(const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj);à定义一个asInterface函数   virtual const android::String16& getInterfaceDescriptor() const;   IServiceManager();   virtual ~IServiceManager();

 

在IServiceManager中还调用了一个宏：IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(ServiceManager, "android.os.IServiceManager");查看这个宏的定义：

/*\frameworks\native\include\binder\IInterface.h*/

#define IMPLEMENT_META_INTERFACE(INTERFACE, NAME)                       \     const android::String16 I##INTERFACE::descriptor(NAME);             \     const android::String16&                                            \             I##INTERFACE::getInterfaceDescriptor() const {              \         return I##INTERFACE::descriptor;                                \     }                                                                   \     android::sp<I##INTERFACE> I##INTERFACE::asInterface(                \             const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj)                   \     {                                                                   \         android::sp<I##INTERFACE> intr;                                 \         if (obj != NULL) {                                              \             intr = static_cast<I##INTERFACE*>(                          \                 obj->queryLocalInterface(                               \                         I##INTERFACE::descriptor).get());               \             if (intr == NULL) {                                         \                 intr = new Bp##INTERFACE(obj);                          \             }                                                           \         }                                                               \         return intr;                                                    \     }                                                                   \     I##INTERFACE::I##INTERFACE() { }                                    \     I##INTERFACE::~I##INTERFACE() { }                                   \

同样转意如下：

const android::String16 IServiceManager::descriptor("android.os.IServiceManager");   const android::String16& IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor() const {        return IServiceManager::descriptor; }   android::sp<IServiceManager> IServiceManager::asInterface(const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj) {       android::sp<IServiceManager> intr;       if (obj != NULL)       {            intr = static_cast<IServiceManager *>(obj->queryLocalInterface(IServiceManager::descriptor).get());             if (intr == NULL)            {               intr = new BpServiceManager(obj);            }       }       return intr;                                                   }                                                                   IServiceManager::IServiceManager () { }                                     IServiceManager::~ IServiceManager() { }

 

所以通过gDefaultServiceManager = interface_cast<IServiceManager>(

                ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL));

interface_cast的调用返回一个new BpServiceManager(obj);这里的obj就是ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL)返回是一个new BpBinder()。

看看BpServiceManager的代码：

/*\frameworks\native\libs\binder\IServiceManager.cpp*/

class BpServiceManager : public BpInterface<IServiceManager> { public:     BpServiceManager(const sp<IBinder>& impl)         : BpInterface<IServiceManager>(impl)     {     }

看看BpInterface的定义：

/*\frameworks\native\include\binder\IInterface.h*/

template<typename INTERFACE> class BpInterface : public INTERFACE, public BpRefBase { public:                                 BpInterface(const sp<IBinder>& remote);   protected:     virtual IBinder*            onAsBinder(); };   template<typename INTERFACE> inline BpInterface<INTERFACE>::BpInterface(const sp<IBinder>& remote)     : BpRefBase(remote) { }

是一个模版类，构造函数调用父类BpRefBase的构造函数。

 

看看BpRefBase的构造函数：

/*\Android4.4\frameworks\native\libs\binder\Binder.cpp*/

BpRefBase::BpRefBase(const sp<IBinder>& o)     : mRemote(o.get()), mRefs(NULL), mState(0) {     extendObjectLifetime(OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK);       if (mRemote) {         mRemote->incStrong(this);           // Removed on first IncStrong().         mRefs = mRemote->createWeak(this);  // Held for our entire lifetime.     } }

BpServiceManager的一个变量mRemote指向了一个BpBinder，通过defaultServiceManager()函数的调用返回一个BpServiceManager对象，它的mRemote值是个BpBinder类型（它的handle值为0）。

 

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/honeyandroid/blog/506410