函数式接口Function<T, R> 方法探索

@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {

    /**
     * Applies this function to the given argument.
     *
     * @param t the function argument
     * @return the function result
     */
    R apply(T t);

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function to its input, and then applies this function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of input to the {@code before} function, and to the
     *           composed function
     * @param before the function to apply before this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies the {@code before}
     * function and then applies this function
     * @throws NullPointerException if before is null
     *
     * @see #andThen(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(before);
        return (V v) -> apply(before.apply(v));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a composed function that first applies this function to
     * its input, and then applies the {@code after} function to the result.
     * If evaluation of either function throws an exception, it is relayed to
     * the caller of the composed function.
     *
     * @param <V> the type of output of the {@code after} function, and of the
     *           composed function
     * @param after the function to apply after this function is applied
     * @return a composed function that first applies this function and then
     * applies the {@code after} function
     * @throws NullPointerException if after is null
     *
     * @see #compose(Function)
     */
    default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(after);
        return (T t) -> after.apply(apply(t));
    }

    /**
     * Returns a function that always returns its input argument.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of the input and output objects to the function
     * @return a function that always returns its input argument
     */
    static <T> Function<T, T> identity() {
        return t -> t;
    }

该函数式接口中有四个方法，一个抽象方法，两个默认方法，以及一个静态方法

1. R apply(T t);
2. default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before)
3. default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after)
4. static <T> Function<T, T> identity()

针对这四个方法，测试代码如下：

        Function<Integer, Integer> times2 = e -> e * 2;
        Function<Integer, Integer> squared = e -> e * e;

        Integer apply = times2.compose(squared).apply(4);
        Integer apply1 = times2.andThen(squared).apply(4);
        Integer apply2 = times2.apply(10);
        Function<String, String> fun1 = Function.identity();
        String str1 = fun1.apply("helloWorld");

        System.out.println("apply == " + apply); //apply == 32
        System.out.println("apply1 == " + apply1); //apply1 == 64
        System.out.println("apply2 == " + apply2); //apply2 == 20
        System.out.println(str1); //helloWorld

从测试结果可知：

• apply方法是将入参带入方法中
• compose()括号中的内容在调用函数time2之前运行 4*4=16   16*2 =32
• andThen()括号中的内容在调用函数time2结束之后运行 4*2 =8    8*8=64
• identity() 方法直接返回传入的参数

转载于:https://my.oschina.net/u/4055223/blog/2995956