读写锁特性及ReentrantReadWriteLock的使用

特征: 写写互斥、读写互斥、读读共享
锁降级: 写线程获取写入锁或可以获取读取锁, 然后释放写入锁, 这样就从写入锁变成了读取锁, 从而实现锁降级的特征

先看一个错误例子

public class ReentrantReadWriteLockDemo {
    private int i = 0;
    private int j = 0;

    public void out() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "的值i=" + i + "\tj=" + j);
    }

    public void inCreate() {
        i++;
        try {
            Thread.sleep(200L);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        j++;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantReadWriteLockDemo reentrantReadWriteLockDemo = new ReentrantReadWriteLockDemo();

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                reentrantReadWriteLockDemo.inCreate();
                reentrantReadWriteLockDemo.out();
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

结果分析:j的值还没读取到就返回了, 所以不能得到预期的结果

那么上面的例子该怎么改呢？

• 两个方法都加上synchronize关键字修饰,这时候无论在读或写都要获取锁,但是这是一种很浪费资源的写法, 有性能开销问题（不推荐）
• 利用ReentrantReadWriteLock

public class ReentrantReadWriteLockDemo {
    private int i = 0;
    private int j = 0;

    private ReentrantReadWriteLock reentrantReadWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private Lock readLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock();
    private Lock writeLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock();
    public void out() {
        readLock.lock();
        try {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "的值i=" + i + "\tj=" + j);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            readLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public void inCreate() {
        writeLock.lock();
        try {
            i++;
            Thread.sleep(200L);
            j++;
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            writeLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ReentrantReadWriteLockDemo reentrantReadWriteLockDemo = new ReentrantReadWriteLockDemo();

        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                reentrantReadWriteLockDemo.inCreate();
                reentrantReadWriteLockDemo.out();
            }).start();
        }
    }
}

结果

写写互斥、读写互斥、读读共享可以通过多线程debug可以看出来
这里不做演示了, 提一下多线程debug操作注意的地方
快捷键ctrl + shit + f8 更改如下

在这里可以查看各个线程的运行情况