利用 RMAN 备份集部署DG

1：主备数据库版本一定要一样。
2：备库    安装数据库软件，根据主库数据文件、日志文件路径等创建相关文件夹，具体可以参考主库参数文件中有路径的参数
3：主库    全备，包括数据文件、归档日志文件、控制文件。

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1. run{
   
2. sql \"alter system archive log current\";
   
3. sql \"alter database create standby controlfile as \'\'/home/oracle/standby.ctl\'\'\";
   
4. backup database format \"/home/oracle/full_%U_%t.bak\" plus archivelog format \"/home/oracle/arch_%U_%t.bak\";
   
5. sql \"alter system archive log current\";
   
6. }

[oracle@redhat01 ~]$ tar zcvf standby.tar.gz *.bak standby.ctl
[oracle@redhat01 ~]$ scp standby.tar.gz 192.168.253.131:/home/oracle

拷贝完成之后，将备份集打包传送至备库。
4：备库    备份集解压、数据恢复

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1. [oracle@redhat02 ~]$ tar zxvf standby.tar.gz
   
2. rman target /
   
3. RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/standby.ctl';
   
   Starting restore at 29-JUN-15
   using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
   allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
   channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
   
   channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy
   output file name=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/ora_control1
   output file name=/opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/ora_control2
   Finished restore at 29-JUN-15
   
   RMAN> alter database mount;
   
   database mounted
   released channel: ORA_DISK_1
   
   RMAN> crosscheck archivelog all;
   
   Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 29-JUN-15
   allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
   channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
   Crosschecked 4 objects
   Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 29-JUN-15
   
   Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 29-JUN-15
   using channel ORA_DISK_1
   Crosschecked 2 objects
   Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 29-JUN-15
   
   searching for all files in the recovery area
   cataloging files...
   no files cataloged
   
   released channel: ORA_DISK_1
   allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
   channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
   specification does not match any archived log in the repository
   
   RMAN> delete expired archivelog all;
   
   released channel: ORA_DISK_1
   allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
   channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
   specification does not match any archived log in the repository
   
   RMAN> crosscheck backupset;
   
   using channel ORA_DISK_1
   
   crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
   backup piece handle=/home/oracle/arch_03qamd61_1_1_883635393.bak RECID=2 STAMP=883987249
   crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
   backup piece handle=/home/oracle/full_04qamd62_1_1_883635394.bak RECID=3 STAMP=883987249
   crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
   backup piece handle=/home/oracle/full_05qamd76_1_1_883635430.bak RECID=4 STAMP=883987249
   crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
   backup piece handle=/home/oracle/arch_06qamd7a_1_1_883635434.bak RECID=5 STAMP=883987249
   Crosschecked 4 objects
   
   
   RMAN>
   RMAN> delete expired backupset;
4. 
   
5. RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle/';
6. RMAN> restore database;
7. RMAN> recover database;
   

6：主备库 initorcl.ora、listener.ora、tnsnames.ora 配置，因为修改了 UNIQUE_NAME，所以需要重启数据库

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1. //主库：
2.   //initorcl.ora
   
3. alter system set db_unique_name = orcl3 scope=spfile;
   
4. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=\'DG_CONFIG=(orcl2,orcl3)\';
   
5. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=\'LOCATION=/data/oracle/orcl/archive/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl3\';
   
6. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=\'SERVICE=orclsta LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl2\';
   
7. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE;
   
8. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE;
   
9. 
   
10. alter system set FAL_SERVER=orclsta;
    
11. alter system set FAL_CLIENT=orclpri;
    
12. alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO;
13.   //listener.ora
14. [oracle@redhat02 ~]$ cat //opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
    # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
    # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
    
    LISTENER =
      (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
        (DESCRIPTION =
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = redhat02.com)(PORT = 1521))
        )
      )
    
    ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle

        //tnsnames.ora
    [oracle@redhat02 ~]$ cat //opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
orclpri=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS=
      (PROTOCOL=TCP)
      (HOST=192.168.253.131)
      (PORT=1521)
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA=
      (SID=orcl)
    )
  )

orclsta=
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (ADDRESS=
      (PROTOCOL=TCP)
      (HOST=192.168.253.130)
      (PORT=1521)
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA=
      (SID=orcl)
    )
  )

点击(此处)折叠或打开

1. //备库：
   
2. alter system set db_unique_name = orcl2 scope=spfile;
3. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=\'DG_CONFIG=(orcl2,orcl3)\';
4. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=\'LOCATION=/data/oracle/orcl/archive/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl2\';
5. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=\'SERVICE=orclpri LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl3\';
6. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE;
7. alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE;
   
8. alter system set FAL_SERVER=orclpri;
9. alter system set FAL_CLIENT=orclsta;
10. alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO;
11. 1. //listener.ora
    2. [oracle@redhat02 ~]$ cat //opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
       # listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
       # Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
       
       LISTENER =
         (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
           (DESCRIPTION =
             (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
             (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = redhat01.com)(PORT = 1521))
           )
         )
       
       ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/oracle
    
    
12. //tnsnames.ora
        [oracle@redhat02 ~]$ cat //opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
    orclpri=
      (DESCRIPTION=
        (ADDRESS=
          (PROTOCOL=TCP)
          (HOST=192.168.253.131)
          (PORT=1521)
        )
        (CONNECT_DATA=
          (SID=orcl)
        )
      )
    
    orclsta=
      (DESCRIPTION=
        (ADDRESS=
          (PROTOCOL=TCP)
          (HOST=192.168.253.130)
          (PORT=1521)
        )
        (CONNECT_DATA=
          (SID=orcl)
        )
      )
    

7.将主库密码文件拷贝至备库
8.启用日志应用，查看是否正常，查看告警日志是否异常。

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1. SQL> alter database open;
   
2. 
   
3. Database altered.
   
4. 
   
5. SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
   
6. 
   
7. Database altered.
   
8. 
   
9. SQL> select STATUS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE# from v$managed_standby;
   
10. 
    
11. SQL> select sequence#,status,applied from v$archived_log;
    
12. 
    
13.  SEQUENCE# S APPLIED
    
14. ---------- - ---------
    
15.      6 A YES
    
16.      7 A YES
    
17.      8 A YES
    
18.      9 A YES
    
19.     10 A YES
    
20.     11 A YES
    
21.     12 A YES
    
22. 
    
23. 7 rows selected.

若告警日志中有如下错，需要取消日志应用，删除旧的 standby 日志组或文件，重建 standby 日志组/文件

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1. [oracle@felixdb ~]$ oerr ora 19527
   
2.         19527, 00000, \"physical standby redo log must be renamed\"
   
3.         // *Cause: The CLEAR LOGFILE command was used at a physical standby
   
4.         // database. This command cannot be used at a physical standby
   
5.         // database unless the LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT initialization
   
6.         // parameter is set. This is required to avoid overwriting
   
7.         // the primary database\

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1. alter database drop logfile group 11;
   
2. alter database drop logfile group 12;
   
3. alter database add standby logfile group 11 (\'/data/oradata/orcl/data/standby_redo11b.log\',\'/data/oradata/orcl/data/standby_redo11a.log\') size 100m;
   
4. alter database add standby logfile group 12 (\'/data/oradata/orcl/data/standby_redo12b.log\',\'/data/oradata/orcl/data/standby_redo12a.log\') size 100m;

现在重启备库实时日志应用，可以测试一下

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