通过rman建立物理dg

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-15 10:38:51 发布

kf_panda

最新推荐文章于 2022-02-15 10:38:51 发布

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分类专栏： ORACLE DG

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/gua___gua/article/details/43609267

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一、主库的配置
1、创建归档目录和standby redo log存放目录
注：如果归档目录使用的是快速恢复区，可以不用为归档再创建单独目录。standby redo log存放目录是为standby redo log使用的，主库是可以不建立standby redo log，但是为了以后角色切换

例：

[root@panda ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@panda oracle]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
panda
[oracle@panda oracle]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@panda oracle]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

[oracle@panda ~]$ cd $ORACLE_BASE
[oracle@panda oracle]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@panda oracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/standby/
[oracle@panda oracle]$ ls -ld standby/
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Feb  6 22:36 standby/
[oracle@panda oracle]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/arch
[oracle@panda oracle]$ ls -ld arch/
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Feb  6 22:39 arch/

2、创建秘钥文件（如果文件不存在的话）
注：需要注意的是，同一个Dara Guard配置中所有数据库必须拥有独立的秘钥文件，并且必须保证同一个Data配置中，因为REDO传输服务是通过认证的网络回话来传输REDO数据，而回话使用包含在秘钥文件中的SYS用户密码来认证。如果已经存在密码文件可以不建立。
语法：
[oracle@panda oradata]$ orapwd
Usage: orapwd file=<fname> entries=<users> force=<y/n> ignorecase=<y/n> nosysdba=<y/n>

where
file - name of password file (required),
password - password for SYS will be prompted if not specified at command line,
entries - maximum number of distinct DBA (optional),
force - whether to overwrite existing file (optional),
ignorecase - passwords are case-insensitive (optional),
nosysdba - whether to shut out the SYSDBA logon (optional Database Vault only).

There must be no spaces around the equal-to (=) character.

例：

orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwpanda password=sys entries=30 force=y

3、配置Standby Redologs
对于最大保护和最高可用性模式，建议为Standby数据库配置Standby Redologs(不配置也可以，Oracle将在Standby数据库端自动创建归档文件，并虚拟为一组Standby Redologs),并使用LGWR SYNC模式传输REDO数据。
Standby Redologs文件大小至少要与Online redologs文件大小相同，并且Standby Redologs日志文件组数至少要比Prlmary文件组数多一个（参考公式：（每线程的日志组数+1）*最大进程数）。

[oracle@panda ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Feb 6 22:47:26 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options


SQL> set linesize 1000
SQL> select * from v$log;


    GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#      BYTES  BLOCKSIZE	  MEMBERS ARC STATUS	       FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
	 1	    1	      46   52428800	   512		1 YES INACTIVE		     1571632 06-FEB-15	    1592154 06-FEB-15
	 2	    1	      47   52428800	   512		1 NO  CURRENT		     1592154 06-FEB-15	 2.8147E+14
	 3	    1	      45   52428800	   512		1 YES INACTIVE		     1545037 05-FEB-15	    1571632 06-FEB-15


SQL> 


alter database add standby logfile group 11 ('/u01/app/oracle/standby/redo11.log') size 50M;    
alter database add standby logfile group 12 ('/u01/app/oracle/standby/redo12.log') size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 13 ('/u01/app/oracle/standby/redo13.log') size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile group 14 ('/u01/app/oracle/standby/redo14.log') size 50M;

注：Standby Redologs只有备库使用，在主库配置Standby Redologs是为了有一天要主备角色切换时能快速切换。这里只是自己笔记本环境，所以日志大小是50M,实际生产环境肯定要比这个大的多。

4、将数据库改force loggings模式

alter database force logging;

5、配置初始化参数文件

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> ! vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initpanda.ora

#修改或添加下列参数到initpanda.ora
*.log_archive_format='arch_%d_%r_%t_%s.log'
*.service_names='panda'
*.db_unique_name='xiongda'
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(xiongda,xionger)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/arch/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=xiongda'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=xionger_192.168.1.11 lgwr sync affirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=xionger'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='DEFER'
*.log_archive_max_processes=4
*.standby_file_management='AUTO'
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
#下面的配置是为了角色转换时使用
*.fal_server='xionger_192.168.1.11'
*.fal_client='xiongda_192.168.1.10'

保存退出，继续下面操作
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  523108352 bytes
Fixed Size		    1337632 bytes
Variable Size		  339740384 bytes
Database Buffers	  176160768 bytes
Redo Buffers		    5869568 bytes
Database mounted.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database set standby database to maximize AVAILABILITY;

Database altered.

SQL> Alter database open;

Database altered.

6、编辑$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora文件，添加下面内容

xiongda_192.168.1.10 =                                                  
  (DESCRIPTION =                                               
    (ADDRESS_LIST =                                            
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.10)(PORT = 1521))
    )                                                          
    (CONNECT_DATA =                                            
      (SID = panda)                                           
    )                                                          
  )                                                            
                                                               
xionger_192.168.1.11 =                                                  
  (DESCRIPTION =                                               
    (ADDRESS_LIST =                                            
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.11)(PORT = 1521))
    )                                                          
    (CONNECT_DATA =                                            
      (SID = panda)                                           
    )                                                          
  )

 chown -R oracle.oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

二、在备库上的操作
注意：备库要在做下面操作前要先安装好ORACLE软件，这里就不说怎么安装数据库软件了

[root@panda ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@panda oracle]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
panda
[oracle@panda oracle]$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/u01/app/oracle
[oracle@panda oracle]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

1、创建必要的目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/panda/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/panda/dpdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/panda/pfile
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/panda
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/panda
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs
chown -R oracle.oinstall  /u01/app/oracle

mkdir  -p /u01/app/oracle/standby 
mkdir  -p /u01/app/oracle/arch
chown -R oracle.oinstall  /u01/app/oracle/standby   /u01/app/oracle/arch

2、创建密码文件

注：和主库的密码文件的密码要一样

su - oracle
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwpanda password=sys entries=30

3、创建pfile文件

echo "*.db_name='panda'" >>$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpanda.ora
chown -R oracle.oinstall $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpanda.ora

4、编辑$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora文件，添加下面内容,启动监听

SID_LIST_LISTENER =                                      
  (SID_LIST =                                            
    (SID_DESC =                                          
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = panda)                           
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0)              
      (SID_NAME = panda)                                
    )                                                    
  )                                                      
                                                         
LISTENER =                                               
  (DESCRIPTION =                                         
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.11)(PORT = 1521
  )

重启监听

lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

注：在备库配置静态监听是为了后面使用rman时通过tcp协议连接备库时使用，不然后面连接会报错。如果不使用rman的duplicate来生成备库，而是手工生成备库，不需要配置静态监听。

5、编辑$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora文件，添加下面内容

xiongda_192.168.1.10 =                                                  
  (DESCRIPTION =                                               
    (ADDRESS_LIST =                                            
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.10)(PORT = 1521))
    )                                                          
    (CONNECT_DATA =                                            
      (SID = panda)                                           
    )                                                          
  )                                                            
                                                               
xionger_192.168.1.11 =                                                  
  (DESCRIPTION =                                               
    (ADDRESS_LIST =                                            
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.11)(PORT = 1521))
    )                                                          
    (CONNECT_DATA =                                            
      (SID = panda)                                           
    )                                                          
  )

chown -R oracle.oinstall $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

6、使用pfile文件启动数据库

[oracle@panda admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba


SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Feb 6 23:43:27 2015


Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount pfile=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/initpanda.ora
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area  146472960 bytes
Fixed Size		    1335080 bytes
Variable Size		   92274904 bytes
Database Buffers	   50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers		    2531328 bytes
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@panda admin]$

7、创建备库

rman
connect target sys/sys@192.168.1.10:1521/panda
connect auxiliary sys/sys@192.168.1.11:1521/panda

run {
   allocate channel c1 type disk;
   allocate auxiliary channel s1 type disk; 
   allocate auxiliary channel s2 type disk; 
   duplicate target database
        for standby nofilenamecheck
        from active database
        spfile
        parameter_value_convert 'xiongda','xionger'
        set db_unique_name='xionger'
        set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/panda/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/panda/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/panda/control03.ctl'
        set fal_server='xiongda_192.168.1.10'
        set fal_client='xionger_192.168.1.11'
		set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/arch/ valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=xionger'
		set log_archive_dest_2='service=xiongda_192.168.1.10 lgwr sync affirm valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=xiongda'
		set log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
		set log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/panda/','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/panda/','/u01/app/oracle/standby/','/u01/app/oracle/standby/'
        set standby_file_management='AUTO'
        set log_archive_config='dg_config=(xiongda,xionger)'       
   ;
  sql channel c1 "alter system archive log current";
  sql channel s1 "alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect";
}

8、重启备库，设置备库

shutdown immediate 
create pfile from spfile;
startup mount
alter database set standby database to maximize availability;  
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile  disconnect;

9、连接到主库，设置归档传输目录为enable，并切换日志

sqlplus  sys/sys@192.168.1.10 as sysdba
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable scope=both;
alter system switch logfile;

10、设置备库read only打开

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open read only; 
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile  disconnect;

说明：这个例子是配置的最大可用性（Maximum availability）的dg,如果要配置其他类型的dg，流程是大体一样的只不过一些参数的配置不同。

如：log_archive_dest_2参数的配置，以及是否需要standby redo log等。

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通过rman建立物理dg

一、主库的配置1、创建归档目录和standby redo log存放目录注：如果归档目录使用的是快速恢复区，可以不用为归档再创建单独目录。standby redo log存放目录是为standby redo log使用的，主库是可以不建立standby redo log，但是为了以后角色切换例：[root@panda ~]# su - oracle[oracle@panda
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