Python基础语法学习

1 while loop 循环与判断

while True:
     x = input()
     if x == 'q':
         break
     else:
         print(x.upper())

2 try except 异常处理

 while True:
     x = input()
     if x == 'q':
         break
     try:
         x = int(x)
     except:
         print(-1)
     else:
         print(x*5)

3 output python3 输出操作

 print('hello')
 print ('world')

4 if elif else 分支语句

 while True:
     x = input()
     if x == 'q':
         break
     y = int(x)
     if y > 0:
         print ('+integer')
     elif y == 0:
         print ('zero')
     else:
         print ('-integer')

5 for in for循环

 for x in range(10):
     print (x*x)
 m = int(input())
 while m >0 :
     if m % 2 == 0:
         print (m)
         m = m - 1
     elif m % 3 == 0:
         print (m)
         m = m - 1
         continue
     else:
         print('quit')
         break

6 file 文件读取

read()
 readline() 读取一行
 readlines() 一次性将文件内容读入内存，对内存不友好
 file = open('test.txt','a')
 data = "hello\n"
 file.write(data)

 # for line in open('test.txt', 'r').readline():
 for line in open('test.txt', 'r').readlines():
     print(line)

7 range start stop step range内置函数

 L = [x*2 for x in range(1, 7, 2)]
 print(L)

8 zip dict zip函数

 T1 = (1,2,3)
 T2 = (4,5,6)

 T = list(zip(T1,T2))
 print(T)
 D = {}
 for (k, v) in T:
     D[k] = v
 print(D)

9 列表解析产生一个新的列表，编写起来更加精简，速度更快

 L = [x + 2 for x in [1,2,4]]
 print(L)

10 函数

// 执行时生成函数对象，然后赋值给函数变量名
 def get_no(n):
     return n*n

 print(get_no(5))

11 嵌套作用域

 def maker():
     x = 88

     def more():
         return x+1
     return more


 f = maker()
 print(f)
 print(f())

12 lambda and map, 把函数作用到每一个元素

 L = [1,2,2]

 T = list(map(lambda x: x+3, L))
 print(T)

 M = [x+2 for x in L]  #列表解析
 print(M)

13 generator 生成器对象

//<generator object gen at 0x0000018215401BA0>
 def gen(x):
     for i in range(x):
         yield i+2


 X = gen(6)
 print(X)
 for i in X:
     print(i)

14 返回值
#函数都有返回值，如果没有return，那么返回None对象
#对于可变对象，返回值也是None，不要试图接收返回值

15 模块导入

#搜索路径：1 主目录 2 pythonpath目录 3 标准链接库
 import mod
 from mod import *

for path in sys.path:
     print(path)
for mod in sys.modules:
     print(mod)

 mod.printer('123')
 printer('456')
 printer(dir(mod))   #模块属性信息
 printer('path:'+ mod.__file__)  #导入模块文件路径
 printer('filename:'+ mod.__name__)  #导入模块文件名称
 printer('function docstring:' + str(mod.printer.__doc__))  #函数的文档字符串