servlet+jsp基础 by cju

servlet+jsp
1，验证码
      作用：防止恶意注册（利用代码重复注册导致服务器瘫痪）;
      动态生成验证码servlet继承与HttpServlet，验证码通常是以图片的形式显示;
     
2，Servlet的运行机制
      IE浏览器（以post传参request、response请求）---logins---》Servlet（实例化->init()初始化
               ->service()分配调用->doPost(),doGet(),doPut(),doDelete()）;
      注意：init()初始化的对象会多次调用，不会马上销毁，过段时间会自动销毁，销毁时调用destroy()方法;
      Servlet（c）：继承GenericServlet(c)继承Servlet（i）;
    
3，转发器
     RequestDispatcher  dispatcher  =  request.getRequestDispatcher();
     dispater.forward(request,response);
     利用request.setAttribute("","")和request.getAttribute()存取；
     注：Struts本身就是一个转发器RequestDispatcher;
    
4,过滤器
     继承于接口javax.servlet.Filter
    
     主要用到 public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1,FilterChain arg2)方法
     注意：ServletRequest，ServletResponse和HttpServletRequest，HttpServletResponse的转换
           和arg2.doFilter(arg0, arg1);
     另外要配置web.xml
     配制方法
     首先注册：
     <filter>
     <description>
     <filter-name>CheckFilter</filter-name>
     <filter-class>com.zx.pethospital.servlet.CheckFilter</filter-class>
     </filter>
     需要过滤的（main.jsp）
     <filter-mapping>
     <filter-name>CheckFilter</filter-name>
     <url-pattern>/main.jsp</url-pattern>
     </filter-mapping>
    
5，监听器
     1，对Session的监听：  继承类HttpSessionsListener
         Session不是在访问Tomcat时马上创建的而是在访问Jsp时才会被创建的
         SessionsAttribute监听Session的放和取
     2，对application的监听： 继承类ServletContextListener
         对Context的放和取进行监听
        
6，仓库application的应用
    主要用于在线游戏中的在线人数和那些公共的属性
    例子：
    ServletContext(类的原型)  application = this.getServletContext();在Servlet中
   // ServletContext application = this.getServlet().getServletContext();在struts中
    Map  loginedUsers  =  (Map)application.getAttribute("loginedUsers");
    loginedUsers.put(session.getId(), u);
   application.setAttribute("loginedUsers", loginedUsers);

7，在web.xml中设置Sessions会话的参数
     例子：设置会话为两分钟
           <session-config>
               <session-timeout>2</session-timeout>
           </session-config>
  
8，配置文件   
      配置.properties(键值对)的文件
      (1)  Properties  p  =  new  Properties();//Properties是map的子类
           FileInputStream fis  =  new  FileInputStream("路径")；//绝对路径
           p.load(fis);//读文件中的键值对
           p.getProperty("键")；
          
      (2)     //简单些
           InputStream is = this.getClass.getResourceAsStream("文件名");
           PropertyResourceBundle   p  =   new PropertyResourceBundle(file);
           String   driver  = p.getString("driver");//获取值
          
9，用web.xml配置
       (1)初始参数
            <servlet>
               <init-param>
                  <param-name>zfk</param-name>
                  <param-value>GBK</param-value>
               </init-param>
             </servlet>
        在Servlet中获取zfk的值
             String  zfk  =  this.getinitparameter("zfk");
             request.setCharcterEncoding(zfk);
        (2)全局参数
            <context-param>
                 <param-name>zif</param-name>
                 <param-value>GBK</param-value>
             </context-param>
             获取
             ServletContext  application  =  this.getServletContext();
             String zif = application.getinitparameter("zif");
            
10,扩展标签
     扩展html标签，但属于Jsp(S端)技术
     官方标签：
             内置：jap：useBean,jsp:setProperty,jsp:getPropety,jsp:forword(转发器)，jsp:param,jsp:include
                ( request.getRequestDispatcher("index.jsp").forward(request,response);
                 等同与
                  <jsp:forward page="index.jsp"> )
           定义：jstl需要插件.jar包
           <%@ taglib Uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c">      
          
           第三方标签：要继承SimpleTagSupport
           例子：我自定义的分页标签
      import java.io.IOException;
      import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException;
      import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter;
      import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.SimpleTagSupport;

      public class Fenye extends SimpleTagSupport {
       private int pageNum;
       private int pageEnd;
       private String yeMian;

       public String getYeMian() {
        return yeMian;
       }

       public void setYeMian(String yeMian) {
        this.yeMian = yeMian;
       }   

       public int getPageNum() {
        return pageNum;
       }

       public void setPageNum(int pageNum) {
        this.pageNum = pageNum;
       }

       public int getPageEnd() {
        return pageEnd;
       }

       public void setPageEnd(int pageEnd) {
        this.pageEnd = pageEnd;
       }

       public void doTag() throws JspException, IOException {

        JspWriter out = this.getJspContext().getOut();
        // 首页
        out.println("<td height=" + 34 + ">");
        out.println("<font size=" + 4 + "><b>");
        out.println("<a href=" + yeMian + "?pageNum=" + 1 + ">");
        out.println("首页</a></b></font>");
        out.println(" &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp; ");
        // 上页
        out.println("<td height=" + 34 + ">");
        out.println("<font size=" + 4 + "><b>");
        if (pageNum != 1) {
         out
           .println("<a href=" + yeMian + "?pageNum=" + (pageNum - 1)
             + ">");
        }
        out.println("上一页");
        if (pageNum != 1) {
         out.println("</a>");
        }
        out.println("</b></font>");
        out.println(" &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp; ");
        // 下页
        out.println("<td height=" + 34 + ">");
        out.println("<font size=" + 4 + "><b>");
        if (pageNum != pageEnd) {
         out
           .println("<a href=" + yeMian + "?pageNum=" + (pageNum + 1)
             + ">");
        }
        out.println("下一页");
        if (pageNum != pageEnd) {
         out.println("</a>");
        }
        out.println("</b></font>");
        out.println(" &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp; ");
        // 最后页
        out.println("<td height=" + 34 + ">");
        out.println("<font size=" + 4 + "><b>");
        out.println("<a href=" + yeMian + "?pageNum=" + pageEnd + ">");
        out.println("最后一页</a></b></font>");
        out.println(" &nbsp; &nbsp;  &nbsp; &nbsp; ");
        super.doTag();
       }

      }
      自定义标签要注册在nytag.tld中注册
      <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

           <!DOCTYPE taglib PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.1//EN" "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-jsptaglibrary_1_1.dtd">
          <taglib>
           <tlibversion>1.2</tlibversion>
      <jspversion>1.1</jspversion>
       <shortname>my</shortname>

      <tag>
        <name>fenye</name>
        <tagclass>com.zx.pethospital.view.util.Fenye</tagclass>
        <bodycontent>empty</bodycontent>

        <attribute>
         <name>pageNum</name>
         <required>false</required>
         <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
        </attribute>
  
         <attribute>
         <name>pageEnd</name>
         <required>false</required>
         <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
         </attribute>
  
        <attribute>
         <name>yeMian</name>
         <required>false</required>
         <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
        </attribute>
      </tag>
 
     </taglib>