c语言、C++文件读入方法小结

1.C++

头文件：

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cassert>
#include <string>

1.1 逐行读入

void readTxt(string file)
{
    ifstream infile; 
    infile.open(file.data());   //将文件流对象与文件连接起来 
    assert(infile.is_open());   //若失败,则输出错误消息,并终止程序运行 


    string s;
    while(getline(infile,s))
    {
        cout<<s<<endl;
    }
    infile.close();             //关闭文件输入流 
}

2.逐个字符读入（忽略空格与回车）

void readTxt(string file)
{
    ifstream infile; 
    infile.open(file.data());   //将文件流对象与文件连接起来 
    assert(infile.is_open());   //若失败,则输出错误消息,并终止程序运行 
    char c;
    while (!infile.eof())
    {
        infile >> c;
        cout<<c<<endl;


    }
    infile.close();             //关闭文件输入流 
}

2.逐个字符读入（包括空格与回车）

void readTxt(string file)
{
    ifstream infile; 
    infile.open(file.data());   //将文件流对象与文件连接起来 
    assert(infile.is_open());   //若失败,则输出错误消息,并终止程序运行 

    char c;
    infile >> noskipws;
    while (!infile.eof())
    {
        infile>>c;
        cout<<c<<endl;

    }
    infile.close();             //关闭文件输入流 
}

读入到结构体数组中的例子程序

输入样例：

wang 18 001 
li 19 002

zhao 20 003

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream> 
using namespace std;
 
struct people
{
    string name;
    int age;
    string id;
}p[20];
 
int main()
{
    int n = 0;
    ifstream in("a.txt", ios::in);
    if(!in.is_open())
    {
        cout << "Error: opening file fail" << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    while(!in.eof() && n < 20)
    {
        in >> p[n].name >> p[n].age >> p[n].id;
        n++;
    }
 
    //test
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        cout << "name:" << p[i].name << " age:" << p[i].age << " id:" << p[i].id << endl;
         
    in.close();
    return 0;
}