《iOS Human Interface Guidelines》——Activity

活动


活动表示系统提供的或自定义的任务——通过一个活动视图控制器来实现——其可以和当前的内容互动。




API NOTE

查看UIActivity Class Reference学习更多关于在你的代码中定义活动的内容;查看Activity View Controller学习如何整合活动视图控制器到你的app中。

操作和分享扩展也会在活动视图控制器中显示。查看Share and Action Extensions学习更多关于这些扩展的内容。


一个活动:

  • 是一个自定义的展现当用户在app中的时候app可以执行的任务的对象
  • 由看起来像栏目按钮图标的图标代表的



用户通过在活动视图控制器中点击活动图标来初始化活动。作为回应,无论活动时可以立即执行,还是比较复杂,都会在执行任务之前反馈更多信息。

创建一个精简的模板图片来表示你的任务。精简的图片是iOS用来作为创建用户看到的最终图标的覆盖图的。为了创建在最终图标中看起来不错的模板图片,要遵循下面的指南:
  • 使用合适透明度的黑色或白色图片。
  • 不要包含阴影。
  • 使用反锯齿。

活动模板图片应该在70*70pixels(高分辨率)的区域中居中。

创建简洁地描述你的任务的活动标题。标题会在活动视图控制器中显示在活动图标的下方。短标题是最好的,因为它在屏幕上看起来更好而且易于本地化。当标题太长时,iOS首先会收缩文本,然后——如果标题依然太长的话——截断它。一般来说,不要在活动标题中包含你的公司或产品的名字。



活动视图控制器

活动视图控制器显示一个临时的视图来列出特定内容可操作的系统提供的或自定义的任务。



API NOTE
查看 UIActivityViewController Class Reference学习更多关于在你的代码中定义活动视图控制器的内容;查看 Activity学习如何设计一个提供了自定义任务的活动。

一个活动视图控制器:
  • 显示一个可配置的用户可以对特定内容执行的任务列表
  • 可以在表单或弹层内显示,取决于环境

使用活动视图控制器给人们一个在某些方式下可以对内容执行的任务清单。这些任务可以是系统提供的——比如复制、Twitter和打印——或者是自定义的。一个常见的使用活动视图控制器的方式是允许用户发送选中的内容到社交媒体账号。

不要创建一个显示活动视图控制器的自定义按钮。人们习惯于在点击动作按钮时获取系统提供的任务。你会想要得益于这个被学会的行为并且避免提供一个做相同事情的替换的方式来使用户疑惑。

确保清单中的任务是适用于当前的环境的。你可以通过排除系统提供的任务或包含自定义的任务来改变活动视图控制器的任务清单。比如说,为了防止用户打印图片,你可以从活动视图控制器中排除打印活动。

NOTE
你不能改变活动视图控制器中系统提供的任务的顺序。还有,所有的系统提供的任务都显示在自定义的任务上方。



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Introduction Introduction 9 At a Glance 9 Great iOS Apps Embrace the Platform and HI Design Principles 9 Great App Design Begins with Some Clear Definitions 10 A Great User Experience Is Rooted in Your Attention to Detail 10 People Expect to Find iOS Technologies in the Apps They Use 10 All Apps Need at Least Some Custom Artwork 11 Chapter 1 Platform Characteristics 13 The Display Is Paramount, Regardless of Its Size 13 Device Orientation Can Change 14 Apps Respond to Gestures, Not Clicks 14 People Interact with One App at a Time 15 Preferences Are Available in Settings 16 Onscreen User Help Is Minimal 16 Most iOS Apps Have a Single Window 17 Two Types of Software Run in iOS 17 Safari on iOS Provides the Web Interface 18 Chapter 2 Human Interface Principles 21 Aesthetic Integrity 21 Consistency 21 Direct Manipulation 22 Feedback 22 Metaphors 22 User Control 23 Chapter 3 App Design Strategies 25 Create an Application Definition Statement 25 1. List All the Features You Think Users Might Like 25 2. Determine Who Your Users Are 26 3. Filter the Feature List Through the Audience Definition 26 4. Don’t Stop There 26 Design the App for the Device 27 Embrace iOS UI Paradigms 27 Ensure that Universal Apps Run Well on Both iPhone and iPad 28 Reconsider Web-Based Designs 28 Tailor Customization to the Task 29 Prototype and Iterate 31 Chapter 4 Case Studies: Transitioning to iOS 33 From Mail on the Desktop to Mail on iPhone 33 From Keynote on the Desktop to Keynote on iPad 35 From Mail on iPhone to Mail on iPad 38 From a Desktop Browser to Safari on iOS 41 Chapter 5 User Experience Guidelines 47 Focus on the Primary Task 47 Elevate the Content that People Care About 48 Think Top Down 48 Give People a Logical Path to Follow 48 Make Usage Easy and Obvious 49 Use User-Centric Terminology 50 Minimize the Effort Required for User Input 50 Downplay File-Handling Operations 50 Enable Collaboration and Connectedness 51 De-emphasize Settings 52 Brand Appropriately 53 Make Search Quick and Rewarding 53 Entice and Inform with a Well-Written Description 54 Be Succinct 55 Use UI Elements Consistently 55 Consider Adding Physicality and Realism 56 Delight People with Stunning Graphics 57 Handle Orientation Changes 58 Make Targets Fingertip-Size 60 Use Subtle Animation to Communicate 61 Support Gestures Appropriately 62 Ask People to Save Only When Necessary 63 Make Modal Tasks Occasional and Simple 63 Start Instantly 64 Always Be Prepared to Stop 65 Don’t Quit Programmatically 65 If Necessary, Display a License Agreement or Disclaimer 65 For iPad: Enhance Interactivity (Don’t Just Add Features) 66 For iPad: Reduce Full-Screen Transitions 66 For iPad: Restrain Your Information Hierarchy 67 For iPad: Consider Using Popovers for Some Modal Tasks 69 For iPad: Migrate Toolbar Content to the Top 70 Chapter 6 iOS Technology Usage Guidelines 73 iCloud Storage 73 Multitasking 74 Notification Center 76 Printing 80 iAd Rich Media Ads 81 Quick Look Document Preview 87 Sound 88 Understand User Expectations 88 Define the Audio Behavior of Your App 89 Manage Audio Interruptions 93 Handle Media Remote Control Events, if Appropriate 94 VoiceOver and Accessibility 95 Edit Menu 96 Undo and Redo 98 Keyboards and Input Views 99 Location Services 99 Chapter 7 iOS UI Element Usage Guidelines 101 Bars 101 The Status Bar 101 Navigation Bar 102 Toolbar 105 Tab Bar 106 Content Views 108 Popover (iPad Only) 108 Split View (iPad Only) 111 Table View 113 Text View 121 Web View 122 Container View Controller 123 Alerts, Action Sheets, and Modal Views 123 Alert 123 Action Sheet 127 Modal View 130 Controls 133 Activity Indicator 133 Date and Time Picker 133 Detail Disclosure Button 134 Info Button 135 Label 135 Network Activity Indicator 136 Page Indicator 136 Picker 137 5 2011-10-12 | . 2011 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. CONTENTS Progress View 138 Rounded Rectangle Button 139 Scope Bar 139 Search Bar 140 Segmented Control 141 Slider 142 Stepper 143 Switch 143 Text Field 144 System-Provided Buttons and Icons 145 Standard Buttons for Use in Toolbars and Navigation Bars 145 Standard Icons for Use in Tab Bars 148 Standard Buttons for Use in Table Rows and Other UI Elements 149 Chapter 8 Custom Icon and Image Creation Guidelines 151 Tips for Designing Great Icons and Images 152 Tips for Creating Great Artwork for the Retina Display 153 Tips for Creating Resizable Images 154 Application Icons 155 Launch Images 157 Small Icons 159 Document Icons 160 Document Icon Specifications for iPhone 160 Document Icon Specifications for iPad 161 Web Clip Icons 163 Icons for Navigation Bars, Toolbars, and Tab Bars 164 Newsstand Icons 166 Document Revision History 169

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