《iOS Human Interface Guidelines》——Collection View

集合视图


集合视图管理有序的条目集合并且在自定义的布局中显示它们。




API NOTE

查看Collection View Programming Guide for iOS来学习更多关于在你的代码中定义集合视图的内容。


一个集合视图:

  • 可以包含一些可选的视图来视觉上区分条目的子集合或者提供装饰性的内容,比如自定义背景
  • 支持布局间自定义的过渡动画(集合视图默认提供用户插入、移动或删除条目的动画)
  • 支持额外的手势识别来执行自定义的动作。集合视图默认识别点击(选中条目)和长按(编辑条目)。

使用集合视图给用户一个查看和操作一个集合的条目而不需要在列表中显示出来的方式。因为集合视图不强制使用严格的线性布局,所以它可以很好的显示不同大小的条目。

集合视图支持广泛的定制化,所以它可以有效地避免你创建激进的新设计带来的困惑。你会想要集合视图对用户的任务有增益;而不会想要集合视图变成用户体验的焦点。下面的指南可以帮助你创建人们期待的集合视图。

不要在使用列表视图更好时使用集合视图。有时候用列表展现更利于人们查看和理解信息。比如说,文本信息在滚动列表中会更利于人们简单和有效地查看与交互。

让人们选中条目变得简单。如果在你的集合视图中人们很难点中条目,他们就不太可能享受使用你的app。对于所有用户可能想要点击的UI对象,确保集合视图中每个条目的最小目标区域为44*44 points。

如果你作出了动态的布局改变要使用警告。集合视图允许你在用户查看和交互条目的时候改变它们的布局。如果你决定动态地调整集合视图的布局,确保更改是有意义的且易于用户跟踪。没有明显原因的改变集合视图的布局会给人们一种你的app不可预知且难以使用的印象。而且如果在动态改变布局时当前的焦点或环境丢失了,用户会觉得他们失去了对你app的控制。



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Introduction Introduction 9 At a Glance 9 Great iOS Apps Embrace the Platform and HI Design Principles 9 Great App Design Begins with Some Clear Definitions 10 A Great User Experience Is Rooted in Your Attention to Detail 10 People Expect to Find iOS Technologies in the Apps They Use 10 All Apps Need at Least Some Custom Artwork 11 Chapter 1 Platform Characteristics 13 The Display Is Paramount, Regardless of Its Size 13 Device Orientation Can Change 14 Apps Respond to Gestures, Not Clicks 14 People Interact with One App at a Time 15 Preferences Are Available in Settings 16 Onscreen User Help Is Minimal 16 Most iOS Apps Have a Single Window 17 Two Types of Software Run in iOS 17 Safari on iOS Provides the Web Interface 18 Chapter 2 Human Interface Principles 21 Aesthetic Integrity 21 Consistency 21 Direct Manipulation 22 Feedback 22 Metaphors 22 User Control 23 Chapter 3 App Design Strategies 25 Create an Application Definition Statement 25 1. List All the Features You Think Users Might Like 25 2. Determine Who Your Users Are 26 3. Filter the Feature List Through the Audience Definition 26 4. Don’t Stop There 26 Design the App for the Device 27 Embrace iOS UI Paradigms 27 Ensure that Universal Apps Run Well on Both iPhone and iPad 28 Reconsider Web-Based Designs 28 Tailor Customization to the Task 29 Prototype and Iterate 31 Chapter 4 Case Studies: Transitioning to iOS 33 From Mail on the Desktop to Mail on iPhone 33 From Keynote on the Desktop to Keynote on iPad 35 From Mail on iPhone to Mail on iPad 38 From a Desktop Browser to Safari on iOS 41 Chapter 5 User Experience Guidelines 47 Focus on the Primary Task 47 Elevate the Content that People Care About 48 Think Top Down 48 Give People a Logical Path to Follow 48 Make Usage Easy and Obvious 49 Use User-Centric Terminology 50 Minimize the Effort Required for User Input 50 Downplay File-Handling Operations 50 Enable Collaboration and Connectedness 51 De-emphasize Settings 52 Brand Appropriately 53 Make Search Quick and Rewarding 53 Entice and Inform with a Well-Written Description 54 Be Succinct 55 Use UI Elements Consistently 55 Consider Adding Physicality and Realism 56 Delight People with Stunning Graphics 57 Handle Orientation Changes 58 Make Targets Fingertip-Size 60 Use Subtle Animation to Communicate 61 Support Gestures Appropriately 62 Ask People to Save Only When Necessary 63 Make Modal Tasks Occasional and Simple 63 Start Instantly 64 Always Be Prepared to Stop 65 Don’t Quit Programmatically 65 If Necessary, Display a License Agreement or Disclaimer 65 For iPad: Enhance Interactivity (Don’t Just Add Features) 66 For iPad: Reduce Full-Screen Transitions 66 For iPad: Restrain Your Information Hierarchy 67 For iPad: Consider Using Popovers for Some Modal Tasks 69 For iPad: Migrate Toolbar Content to the Top 70 Chapter 6 iOS Technology Usage Guidelines 73 iCloud Storage 73 Multitasking 74 Notification Center 76 Printing 80 iAd Rich Media Ads 81 Quick Look Document Preview 87 Sound 88 Understand User Expectations 88 Define the Audio Behavior of Your App 89 Manage Audio Interruptions 93 Handle Media Remote Control Events, if Appropriate 94 VoiceOver and Accessibility 95 Edit Menu 96 Undo and Redo 98 Keyboards and Input Views 99 Location Services 99 Chapter 7 iOS UI Element Usage Guidelines 101 Bars 101 The Status Bar 101 Navigation Bar 102 Toolbar 105 Tab Bar 106 Content Views 108 Popover (iPad Only) 108 Split View (iPad Only) 111 Table View 113 Text View 121 Web View 122 Container View Controller 123 Alerts, Action Sheets, and Modal Views 123 Alert 123 Action Sheet 127 Modal View 130 Controls 133 Activity Indicator 133 Date and Time Picker 133 Detail Disclosure Button 134 Info Button 135 Label 135 Network Activity Indicator 136 Page Indicator 136 Picker 137 5 2011-10-12 | . 2011 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved. CONTENTS Progress View 138 Rounded Rectangle Button 139 Scope Bar 139 Search Bar 140 Segmented Control 141 Slider 142 Stepper 143 Switch 143 Text Field 144 System-Provided Buttons and Icons 145 Standard Buttons for Use in Toolbars and Navigation Bars 145 Standard Icons for Use in Tab Bars 148 Standard Buttons for Use in Table Rows and Other UI Elements 149 Chapter 8 Custom Icon and Image Creation Guidelines 151 Tips for Designing Great Icons and Images 152 Tips for Creating Great Artwork for the Retina Display 153 Tips for Creating Resizable Images 154 Application Icons 155 Launch Images 157 Small Icons 159 Document Icons 160 Document Icon Specifications for iPhone 160 Document Icon Specifications for iPad 161 Web Clip Icons 163 Icons for Navigation Bars, Toolbars, and Tab Bars 164 Newsstand Icons 166 Document Revision History 169

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