并发工具之CountDownLatch

1.对于 CountDownLatch，我们仅仅需要关心两个方法，一个是 countDown() 方法，另一个是 await() 方法。
CountDownLatch 构造函数会接收一个 int 类型的参数作为计数器的初始值，当调用 CountDownLatch 的 countDown 方法时，这个计数器就会减一。
countDown() 方法每次调用都会将 state 减 1，直到 state 的值为 0；
await 是一个阻塞方法，当 state 减为 0 的时候，await 方法才会返回。

2.实现原理
让需要的暂时阻塞的线程，进入一个死循环里面，得到某个条件后再退出循环，以此实现阻塞当前线程的效果。
CountDownLatch说白了是做减法，减到0时，被阻塞的线程被唤醒；

3.CountDownLatch构造方法

/**
 * Constructs a {@code CountDownLatch} initialized with the given count.
 *
 * @param count the number of times {@link #countDown} must be invoked
 *        before threads can pass through {@link #await}
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} is negative
 */
public CountDownLatch(int count) {
    if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
    this.sync = new Sync(count);
}

Sync的构造方法如下

private static final class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 4982264981922014374L;

    Sync(int count) {
        setState(count);
    }

CountDownLatch构造器中的count最终还是传递了ASQ中的state，所以CountDownLatch中的countDown也是对于state状态的改变。

4.java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch#countDown

/**
 * Decrements the count of the latch, releasing all waiting threads if
 * the count reaches zero.
 *
 * <p>If the current count is greater than zero then it is decremented.
 * If the new count is zero then all waiting threads are re-enabled for
 * thread scheduling purposes.
 *
 * <p>If the current count equals zero then nothing happens.
 */
public void countDown() {
    sync.releaseShared(1);// 调用了AQS中的 releaseShared 方法
}

5.java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer#releaseShared

/**
 * Releases in shared mode.  Implemented by unblocking one or more
 * threads if {@link #tryReleaseShared} returns true.
 *