并发-CountDownLatch

前言

   最近小咸儿在看项目代码时发现有用到CountDownLatch，那这个到底是什么回事呢？又用来干什么呢？让小咸儿来一探究竟。

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问题

   1、CountDownLatch是什么？
   2、CountDownLatch有什么特性？
   3、CountDownLatch适用于什么场景？
   4、CountDownLatch的初始次数是否可以调整？
   5、CountDownLatch底层是运行什么实现的？

简介

CountDownLatch是什么？

   CountDownLatch是一个计数器闭锁，通过它可以完成类似阻塞当前线程的功能，即：一个线程或多个线程一直等待，直到其他线程执行的操作完成。

类结构：Sync为CountDownLatch的内部类

特性

构造函数

/**
 * Constructs a {@code CountDownLatch} initialized with the given count.
 *
 * @param count the number of times {@link #countDown} must be invoked
 *        before threads can pass through {@link #await}
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code count} is negative
 */
 public CountDownLatch(int count) {
   
     if (count < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("count < 0");
     this.sync = new Sync(count);
 }

// Sync内部类方法，传入初始次数
   Sync(int count) {
   
      setState(count);
   }

  通过构造器初始化计数器的值，可实际上是把计数器的值赋值给了AQS的state，也就是用AQS的状态值来表示计数器值。

  接下来看一下CountDownLatch中几个重要方法内部是如何调用AQS来实现功能的。

void await()方法

  当前线程调用了CountDownLatch对象的await()方法后，当前线程会被阻塞，直到下面情况之一才会返回：

• 当所有的线程都调用了CountDownLatch对象的countDown()方法后，也就是计数器为0的时候。
• 其他线程调用了当前线程的interrupt()方法中断了当前线程，当前线程会抛出InterruptedException
  异常后返回。

  接下来看一下await()方法内部具体是如何实现的？

// CountDownLatch的await()方法
public void await() throws InterruptedException {
   
	   // 调用AQS的acquireSharedInterruptibly()方法
       sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}

  实际上调用的是AQS的acquireSharedInterruptibly()方法

/**
 * Acquires in shared mode, aborting if interrupted.  Implemented
 * by first checking interrupt status, then invoking at least once
 * {@link #tryAcquireShared}, returning on success.  Otherwise the
 * thread is queued, possibly repeatedly blocking and unblocking,
 * invoking {@link #tryAcquireShared} until success or the thread
 * is interrupted.
 * @param arg the acquire argument.
 * This value is conveyed to {@link #tryAcquireShared} but is
 * otherwise uninterpreted and can represent anything
 * you like.
 * @throws InterruptedException if the current thread is interrupted
 */
 public final void acquireSharedInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
   
	 // 如果线程被中断则抛异常
    if (Thread.interrupted())
        throw new InterruptedException();
       // 尝试看当前是否计数值为0，为0则返回，否则进入AQS的队列等待