对于USB接口的设备，现在越来越多了。本篇我们就通过获取一个USB扫描仪设备中的序列号，来介绍如何获取usb设备的一些硬件信息。对于usb设备都是采用HCD0,HCD1,HCD2,HCD3等符号描述的。如下图：
因此，有了这个名字，我们就可以使用CreateFile来打开usb设备。然后使用DeviceIoControl函数与usb设备通讯了。HCD是host controller driver的简写。需要了解详情的，还要仔细的阅读usb协议。
usb的通讯基本步骤如下图所示：
基本步骤：
1）打开HCD%X
2) 得到上面的USB root hub
3) 遍历usb root hub上连接的usb 设备。获取信息
4）如果有多个usb口，循环前3步。
下面介绍通讯用的几个IOCTL:
1)USB_HCD_DRIVERKEY_NAME ,用于获取USB设备驱动在注册表中的键名。相应的一个结构体是：
typedef struct _USB_HCD_DRIVERKEY_NAME
{
ULONG ActualLength;
WCHAR DriverKeyName[1];
} USB_HCD_DRIVERKEY_NAME, *PUSB_HCD_DRIVERKEY_NAME;
2）IOCTL_USB_GET_ROOT_HUB_NAME，用于获取root hub 键名。使用的结构体，跟上面一样。
typedef struct _USB_ROOT_HUB_NAME
{
ULONG ActualLength;
WCHAR RootHubName[1];
} USB_ROOT_HUB_NAME, *PUSB_ROOT_HUB_NAME;
3）IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_INFORMATION，用于获取连接在root hub上的节点设备信息。也就是我们接在usb口上的所有usb设备的信息，对应的结构体：
typedef struct _USB_NODE_INFORMATION
{
USB_HUB_NODE NodeType;
union {
USB_HUB_INFORMATION HubInformation;
USB_MI_PARENT_INFORMATION MiParentInformation;
} u;
} USB_NODE_INFORMATION, *PUSB_NODE_INFORMATION;
typedef struct _USB_MI_PARENT_INFORMATION
{
ULONG NumberOfInterfaces;
} USB_MI_PARENT_INFORMATION, *PUSB_MI_PARENT_INFORMATION;
typedef struct _USB_HUB_INFORMATION
{
USB_HUB_DESCRIPTOR HubDescriptor;
BOOLEAN HubIsBusPowered;
} USB_HUB_INFORMATION, *PUSB_HUB_INFORMATION;
typedef struct _USB_HUB_DESCRIPTOR
{
UCHAR bDescriptorLength; // Length of this descriptor
UCHAR bDescriptorType; // Hub configuration type
UCHAR bNumberOfPorts; // number of ports on this hub
USHORT wHubCharacteristics; // Hub Charateristics
UCHAR bPowerOnToPowerGood; // port power on till power good in 2ms
UCHAR bHubControlCurrent; // max current in mA
//
// room for 255 ports power control and removable bitmask
UCHAR bRemoveAndPowerMask[64];
} USB_HUB_DESCRIPTOR, *PUSB_HUB_DESCRIPTOR;
4) IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION, 用于获取接在usb口上的单个usb设备的信息，对应的结构体：
typedef struct _USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION
{
ULONG ConnectionIndex;
USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR DeviceDescriptor;
UCHAR CurrentConfigurationValue;
BOOLEAN LowSpeed;
BOOLEAN DeviceIsHub;
USHORT DeviceAddress;
ULONG NumberOfOpenPipes;
USB_CONNECTION_STATUS ConnectionStatus;
USB_PIPE_INFO PipeList[0];
} USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION, *PUSB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION;
4）IOCTL_USB_GET_DESCRIPTOR_FROM_NODE_CONNECTION， 用于获取usb设备的描述信息。
typedef struct _USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR
{
UCHAR bLength;
UCHAR bDescriptorType;
USHORT bcdUSB;
UCHAR bDeviceClass;
UCHAR bDeviceSubClass;
UCHAR bDeviceProtocol;
UCHAR bMaxPacketSize0;
USHORT idVendor;
USHORT idProduct;
USHORT bcdDevice;
UCHAR iManufacturer;
UCHAR iProduct;
UCHAR iSerialNumber;
UCHAR bNumConfigurations;
} USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR, *PUSB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR;
typedef struct _USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR
{
UCHAR bLength;
UCHAR bDescriptorType;
USHORT bcdUSB;
UCHAR bDeviceClass;
UCHAR bDeviceSubClass;
UCHAR bDeviceProtocol;
UCHAR bMaxPacketSize0;
USHORT idVendor;
USHORT idProduct;
USHORT bcdDevice;
UCHAR iManufacturer;
UCHAR iProduct;
UCHAR iSerialNumber;
UCHAR bNumConfigurations;
} USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR, *PUSB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR;
typedef enum _USB_CONNECTION_STATUS
{
NoDeviceConnected,
DeviceConnected,
/* failure codes, these map to fail reasons */
DeviceFailedEnumeration,
DeviceGeneralFailure,
DeviceCausedOvercurrent,
DeviceNotEnoughPower,
DeviceNotEnoughBandwidth,
DeviceHubNestedTooDeeply,
DeviceInLegacyHub
} USB_CONNECTION_STATUS, *PUSB_CONNECTION_STATUS;
typedef struct _USB_PIPE_INFO
{
USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR EndpointDescriptor;
ULONG ScheduleOffset;
} USB_PIPE_INFO, *PUSB_PIPE_INFO;
typedef struct _USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR
{
UCHAR bLength;
UCHAR bDescriptorType;
UCHAR bEndpointAddress;
UCHAR bmAttributes;
USHORT wMaxPacketSize;
UCHAR bInterval;
} USB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR, *PUSB_ENDPOINT_DESCRIPTOR;
需要注意一点，如果要得到pid,vid,则直接从USB_DEVICE_DESCRIPTOR结构中取出idVendor，idProduct这两项的值就行了。如果要得到序列号，则不是取出 iSerialNumber就可以的。这里的 iSerialNumber仅仅是一个索引值。如果想得到序列号，就需要定义一个结构，然后给设备发送个请求。请求的结构如下图：
代码参照GetStringDescriptor函数。可以根据 iSerialNumber偏移，取出其对应的字符串，存放在上图USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR结构中。
#include "PlkUsbIo.h"
#include <malloc.h>
#define NUM_HCS_TO_CHECK 10
/******************************************************************/
bool EnumUsbDevice();
PCHAR GetDriverKeyName(HANDLE Hub, ULONG ConnectionIndex);
PCHAR GetHCDDriverKeyName(HANDLE HCD);
PCHAR GetRootHubName(HANDLE HostController);
PCHAR WideStrToMultiStr(PWCHAR WideStr);
bool GetStringDescriptor (
HANDLE hHubDevice,
ULONG ConnectionIndex,
UCHAR DescriptorIndex ,
CHAR * outBuff);
/******************************************************************/
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
EnumUsbDevice()；
return 0;
}
bool EnumUsbDevice()
{
char HCName[16];
int HCNum;
HANDLE hHCDev;
PCHAR rootHubName;
ULONG index;
BOOL success;
PUSB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION connectionInfo;
HANDLE hHubDevice;
for (HCNum = 0; HCNum < NUM_HCS_TO_CHECK; HCNum++)
{
wsprintf(HCName, ".//HCD%d", HCNum);
hHCDev = CreateFile(HCName,
GENERIC_WRITE,
FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
0,
NULL);
if (hHCDev == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
break;
PCHAR driverKeyName, deviceDesc;
driverKeyName = GetHCDDriverKeyName(hHCDev);
if(driverKeyName == NULL)
goto end;
ULONG nBytes;
rootHubName =(char*) GetRootHubName(hHCDev);
if(rootHubName==NULL)
goto end;
PUSB_NODE_INFORMATION HubInfo;
HubInfo = (PUSB_NODE_INFORMATION)malloc(sizeof(USB_NODE_INFORMATION));
PCHAR deviceName;
deviceName = (PCHAR)malloc(strlen(rootHubName) + sizeof(".//"));
if (rootHubName != NULL)
{
strcpy(deviceName, ".//");
strcpy(deviceName + sizeof(".//") - 1, rootHubName);
hHubDevice = CreateFile(deviceName,
GENERIC_WRITE,
FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
0,
NULL);
free(deviceName);
if (hHubDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
goto end;
success = DeviceIoControl(hHubDevice,
IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_INFORMATION,
HubInfo,
sizeof(USB_NODE_INFORMATION),
HubInfo,
sizeof(USB_NODE_INFORMATION),
&nBytes,
NULL);
if (!success)
goto end;
}
int port;
port=HubInfo->u.HubInformation.HubDescriptor.bNumberOfPorts;
for (index=1; index <= port; index++)
{
ULONG nBytes;
nBytes = sizeof(USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION) +
sizeof(USB_PIPE_INFO) * 30;
connectionInfo = (PUSB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION)malloc(nBytes);
if (connectionInfo == NULL)
goto end;
connectionInfo->ConnectionIndex = index;
success = DeviceIoControl(hHubDevice,
IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION,
connectionInfo,
nBytes,
connectionInfo,
nBytes,
&nBytes,
NULL);
if (!success)
{
free(connectionInfo);
goto end;
}
deviceDesc = NULL;
if (connectionInfo->ConnectionStatus != NoDeviceConnected)
{
driverKeyName = GetDriverKeyName(hHubDevice,
index);
if (driverKeyName)
{
free(driverKeyName);
}
}
if (connectionInfo->ConnectionStatus == DeviceConnected)
{
//取出序列号索引
UCHAR nSerialno = connectionInfo->DeviceDescriptor.iSerialNumber;
CHAR OutBuff[20] = {0};
GetStringDescriptor(hHubDevice,connectionInfo->ConnectionIndex,nSerialno,OutBuff);
//判断序列号是否有效
if( 序列号是否有效 )
{
CloseHandle(hHubDevice);
CloseHandle(hHCDev);
return true;
}
}
}
end:;
}
CloseHandle(hHubDevice);
CloseHandle(hHCDev);
return false;
}
PCHAR GetDriverKeyName(HANDLE Hub, ULONG ConnectionIndex)
{
BOOL success;
ULONG nBytes;
USB_NODE_CONNECTION_DRIVERKEY_NAME driverKeyName;
PUSB_NODE_CONNECTION_DRIVERKEY_NAME driverKeyNameW;
PCHAR driverKeyNameA;
driverKeyNameW = NULL;
driverKeyNameA = NULL;
driverKeyName.ConnectionIndex = ConnectionIndex;
success = DeviceIoControl(Hub,
IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_DRIVERKEY_NAME,
&driverKeyName,
sizeof(driverKeyName),
&driverKeyName,
sizeof(driverKeyName),
&nBytes,
NULL);
if (!success)
{
goto GetDriverKeyNameError;
}
nBytes = driverKeyName.ActualLength;
if (nBytes <= sizeof(driverKeyName))
{
goto GetDriverKeyNameError;
}
driverKeyNameW = (PUSB_NODE_CONNECTION_DRIVERKEY_NAME)malloc(nBytes);
if (driverKeyNameW == NULL)
{
goto GetDriverKeyNameError;
}
driverKeyNameW->ConnectionIndex = ConnectionIndex;
success = DeviceIoControl(Hub,
IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_DRIVERKEY_NAME,
driverKeyNameW,
nBytes,
driverKeyNameW,
nBytes,
&nBytes,
NULL);
if (!success)
{
goto GetDriverKeyNameError;
}
driverKeyNameA = WideStrToMultiStr(driverKeyNameW->DriverKeyName);
free(driverKeyNameW);
return driverKeyNameA;
GetDriverKeyNameError:
if (driverKeyNameW != NULL)
{
free(driverKeyNameW);
driverKeyNameW = NULL;
}
return NULL;
}
PCHAR GetRootHubName(HANDLE HostController)
{
BOOL success;
ULONG nBytes;
USB_ROOT_HUB_NAME rootHubName;
PUSB_ROOT_HUB_NAME rootHubNameW;
PCHAR rootHubNameA;
rootHubNameW = NULL;
rootHubNameA = NULL;
success = DeviceIoControl(HostController,
IOCTL_USB_GET_ROOT_HUB_NAME,
0,
0,
&rootHubName,
sizeof(rootHubName),
&nBytes,
NULL);
if (!success)
{
goto GetRootHubNameError;
}
nBytes = rootHubName.ActualLength;
rootHubNameW =(PUSB_ROOT_HUB_NAME) malloc(nBytes);
if (rootHubNameW == NULL)
{
goto GetRootHubNameError;
}
success = DeviceIoControl(HostController,
IOCTL_USB_GET_ROOT_HUB_NAME,
NULL,
0,
rootHubNameW,
nBytes,
&nBytes,
NULL);
if (!success)
{
goto GetRootHubNameError;
}
rootHubNameA = WideStrToMultiStr(rootHubNameW->RootHubName);
free(rootHubNameW);
return rootHubNameA;
GetRootHubNameError:
if (rootHubNameW != NULL)
{
free(rootHubNameW);
rootHubNameW = NULL;
}
return NULL;
}
PCHAR GetHCDDriverKeyName(HANDLE HCD)
{
BOOL success;
ULONG nBytes;
USB_HCD_DRIVERKEY_NAME driverKeyName;
PUSB_HCD_DRIVERKEY_NAME driverKeyNameW;
PCHAR driverKeyNameA;
driverKeyNameW = NULL;
driverKeyNameA = NULL;
success = DeviceIoControl(HCD,
IOCTL_GET_HCD_DRIVERKEY_NAME,
&driverKeyName,
sizeof(driverKeyName),
&driverKeyName,
sizeof(driverKeyName),
&nBytes,
NULL);
if (!success)
{
goto GetHCDDriverKeyNameError;
}
nBytes = driverKeyName.ActualLength;
if (nBytes <= sizeof(driverKeyName))
{
goto GetHCDDriverKeyNameError;
}
driverKeyNameW =(PUSB_HCD_DRIVERKEY_NAME) malloc(nBytes);
if (driverKeyNameW == NULL)
{
goto GetHCDDriverKeyNameError;
}
success = DeviceIoControl(HCD,
IOCTL_GET_HCD_DRIVERKEY_NAME,
driverKeyNameW,
nBytes,
driverKeyNameW,
nBytes,
&nBytes,
NULL);
if (!success)
{
goto GetHCDDriverKeyNameError;
}
driverKeyNameA = WideStrToMultiStr(driverKeyNameW->DriverKeyName);
free(driverKeyNameW);
return driverKeyNameA;
GetHCDDriverKeyNameError:
if (driverKeyNameW != NULL)
{
free(driverKeyNameW);
driverKeyNameW = NULL;
}
return NULL;
}
PCHAR WideStrToMultiStr(PWCHAR WideStr)
{
ULONG nBytes;
PCHAR MultiStr;
nBytes = WideCharToMultiByte(
CP_ACP,
0,
WideStr,
-1,
NULL,
0,
NULL,
NULL);
if (nBytes == 0)
{
return NULL;
}
MultiStr =(PCHAR) malloc(nBytes);
if (MultiStr == NULL)
{
return NULL;
}
nBytes = WideCharToMultiByte(
CP_ACP,
0,
WideStr,
-1,
MultiStr,
nBytes,
NULL,
NULL);
if (nBytes == 0)
{
free(MultiStr);
return NULL;
}
return MultiStr;
}
bool GetStringDescriptor (
HANDLE hHubDevice,
ULONG ConnectionIndex,
UCHAR DescriptorIndex ,
CHAR * outBuff
)
{
BOOL success;
ULONG nBytes;
ULONG nBytesReturned;
UCHAR stringDescReqBuf[sizeof(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST) + MAXIMUM_USB_STRING_LENGTH];
PUSB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST stringDescReq;
PUSB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR stringDesc;
nBytes = sizeof(stringDescReqBuf);
stringDescReq = (PUSB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST)stringDescReqBuf;
stringDesc = (PUSB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR)(stringDescReq+1);
::ZeroMemory(stringDescReq,nBytes);
stringDescReq->ConnectionIndex = ConnectionIndex;
stringDescReq->SetupPacket.wValue = (USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE << 8) | DescriptorIndex;
stringDescReq->SetupPacket.wIndex = GetSystemDefaultLangID();
stringDescReq->SetupPacket.wLength = (USHORT)(nBytes - sizeof(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST));
success = DeviceIoControl(hHubDevice,IOCTL_USB_GET_DESCRIPTOR_FROM_NODE_CONNECTION,
stringDescReq,nBytes,
stringDescReq,nBytes,
&nBytesReturned,NULL);
if (!success || nBytesReturned < 2)
return false;
if (stringDesc->bDescriptorType != USB_STRING_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE)
return false;
if (stringDesc->bLength != nBytesReturned - sizeof(USB_DESCRIPTOR_REQUEST))
return false;
if (stringDesc->bLength % 2 != 0)
return false;
WCHAR * wChar = new WCHAR[stringDesc->bLength + 1];
memcpy(wChar,stringDesc->bString,stringDesc->bLength);
char *szTemp = WideStrToMultiStr(wChar);
lstrcpy(outBuff, szTemp);
if(szTemp)
delete []szTemp;
if(wChar)
delete []wChar;
return true;
}
分析：
1）首先假定有10个usb接口
#define NUM_HCS_TO_CHECK 10
2）循环打开这10个usb端口，如果端口没有这么多，调用 CreateFile， 就会返回 INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE。
for (HCNum = 0; HCNum < NUM_HCS_TO_CHECK; HCNum++)
{
wsprintf(HCName, ".//HCD%d", HCNum);
hHCDev = CreateFile(HCName,
GENERIC_WRITE,
FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
NULL,
OPEN_EXISTING,
0,
NULL);
if (hHCDev == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
break;
3）获取root hub
ULONG nBytes;
rootHubName =(char*) GetRootHubName(hHCDev);
if(rootHubName==NULL)
goto end;
4) 遍历连接在root hub上的节点
int port;
port=HubInfo->u.HubInformation.HubDescriptor.bNumberOfPorts;
for (index=1; index <= port; index++)
{
ULONG nBytes;
nBytes = sizeof(USB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION) +
sizeof(USB_PIPE_INFO) * 30;
connectionInfo = (PUSB_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION)malloc(nBytes);
if (connectionInfo == NULL)
goto end;
connectionInfo->ConnectionIndex = index;
success = DeviceIoControl(hHubDevice,
IOCTL_USB_GET_NODE_CONNECTION_INFORMATION,
connectionInfo,
nBytes,
connectionInfo,
nBytes,
&nBytes,
NULL);
if (!success)
{
free(connectionInfo);
goto end;
}
5）根据节点的连接状态，获取节点信息，得到序列号。
if (connectionInfo->ConnectionStatus == DeviceConnected)
{
//取出序列号索引
UCHAR nSerialno = connectionInfo->DeviceDescriptor.iSerialNumber;
CHAR OutBuff[20] = {0};
GetStringDescriptor(hHubDevice,connectionInfo->ConnectionIndex,nSerialno,OutBuff);
6）得到序列号的方法在理论部分已经详细说明了，对应的函数是 GetStringDescriptor，这里不再重复。
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