GOF 23 设计模式之 责任链模式（Chain Of Responsibility）

定义：

• 将能够处理同一类请求的对象连成一条链，所提交的请求验者链传递，链上的对象逐个判断是否有能力处理该请求，如果能则处理，如果不能则传递给链上的下一个对象。

场景

• 打牌时，轮流出牌
• 接力赛跑
• 大学中，奖学金审批
• 公司里，公文审批

实现方式

• 链表方式定义职责链
• 非链表方式定义职责链
  
  • 通过集合、数组生成职责链更加实用！实际上，很多项目中，每个具体的Handler并不是由开发团队定义的，而是项目上线后由外部单位追加的，所以使用链表方式定义COR链就很困难

开发中常见的场景

• Java中，异常机制就是一种责任链模式。一个try可以对应多个catch，当第一个catch不匹配类型，则自动跳到第二个catch
• Javascript语言中，事件的冒泡和捕获机制。Java语言中，事件的处理采用观察者模式
• Servlet开发中，过滤器的链式处理
• Struts2中，拦截器的调用也是经典的责任链模式

代码实现

• LeaveRequest

package com.coderbean.chainOfResp;

/**
 * 请假的基本信息
 * Created by Chang on 15/10/3.
 */
public class LeaveRequest {

    private String name;
    private int leaveDays;
    private String reason;

    public LeaveRequest(String name, int leaveDays, String reason) {
        this.name = name;
        this.leaveDays = leaveDays;
        this.reason = reason;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getLeaveDays() {
        return leaveDays;
    }

    public void setLeaveDays(int leaveDays) {
        this.leaveDays = leaveDays;
    }

    public String getReason() {
        return reason;
    }

    public void setReason(String reason) {
        this.reason = reason;
    }
}

• Leader

package com.coderbean.chainOfResp;

/**
 * Created by Chang on 15/10/3.
 */
public abstract class Leader {
    protected String name;
    protected Leader nextLeader;    //责任链伤的后继对象

    public Leader(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setNextLeader(Leader nextLeader) {
        this.nextLeader = nextLeader;
    }

    public abstract void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request);
}

• Director

package com.coderbean.chainOfResp;

/**
 * Created by Chang on 15/10/3.
 */
public class Director extends Leader {

    public Director(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
        if(request.getLeaveDays()<3){
            System.out.println("员工"+request.getName()+"请假"+request.getLeaveDays()+"天");
            System.out.println("主任:审批通过");
        }else{
            if(this.nextLeader!=null){
                this.nextLeader.handleRequest(request);
            }
        }
    }
}

• Manager

package com.coderbean.chainOfResp;

/**
 * Created by Chang on 15/10/3.
 */
public class Manager extends Leader {

    public Manager(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
        if(request.getLeaveDays()<10){
            System.out.println("员工"+request.getName()+"请假"+request.getLeaveDays()+"天");
            System.out.println("经理:审批通过");
        }else{
            if(this.nextLeader!=null){
                this.nextLeader.handleRequest(request);
            }
        }
    }
}

• GeneralManager

package com.coderbean.chainOfResp;

/**
 * Created by Chang on 15/10/3.
 */
public class GeneralManager extends Leader {

    public GeneralManager(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void handleRequest(LeaveRequest request) {
        if(request.getLeaveDays()<30){
            System.out.println("员工"+request.getName()+"请假"+request.getLeaveDays()+"天");
            System.out.println("总经理:审批通过");
        }else{
            System.out.println("莫非"+request.getName()+"想辞职,居然请假"+request.getLeaveDays()+"天");
        }
    }
}

• Client

package com.coderbean.chainOfResp;

/**
 * Created by Chang on 15/10/3.
 */
public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Leader a = new Director("张三");
        Leader b = new Manager("李四");
        Leader c = new GeneralManager("王五");

        a.setNextLeader(b);
        b.setNextLeader(c);

        LeaveRequest request = new LeaveRequest("TOM",100,"会英国老家探亲");

        a.handleRequest(request);
    }
}