网卡驱动架构分析：
1. Linux网络子系统
2. 重要数据结构
总结一下三个重要的数据结构：
2.1. net_device
2.2. net_device_ops
2.3. sk_buff
3. 网卡驱动架构分析
CS8900.c //早期2410使用的网卡芯片
3.1. 网卡初始化
首先找到驱动程序的入口：
早期的驱动入口并不是module_init()函数，而是init_module，所以找到这个函数
int __init init_module(void)
{
struct net_device *dev = alloc_etherdev(sizeof(struct net_local));
struct net_local *lp;
int ret = 0;
#if DEBUGGING
net_debug = debug;
#else
debug = 0;
#endif
if (!dev)
return -ENOMEM;
dev->irq = irq;
dev->base_addr = io;
lp = netdev_priv(dev);
#if ALLOW_DMA
if (use_dma) {
lp->use_dma = use_dma;
lp->dma = dma;
lp->dmasize = dmasize;
}
#endif
spin_lock_init(&lp->lock);
/* boy, they'd better get these right */
if (!strcmp(media, "rj45"))
lp->adapter_cnf = A_CNF_MEDIA_10B_T | A_CNF_10B_T;
else if (!strcmp(media, "aui"))
lp->adapter_cnf = A_CNF_MEDIA_AUI | A_CNF_AUI;
else if (!strcmp(media, "bnc"))
lp->adapter_cnf = A_CNF_MEDIA_10B_2 | A_CNF_10B_2;
else
lp->adapter_cnf = A_CNF_MEDIA_10B_T | A_CNF_10B_T;
if (duplex==-1)
lp->auto_neg_cnf = AUTO_NEG_ENABLE;
if (io == 0) {
printk(KERN_ERR "cs89x0.c: Module autoprobing not allowed.\n");
printk(KERN_ERR "cs89x0.c: Append io=0xNNN\n");
ret = -EPERM;
goto out;
} else if (io <= 0x1ff) {
ret = -ENXIO;
goto out;
}
第一步：分配net_device结构，
第二步：初始化net_device结构，
dev->irq = irq;//分配中断号
dev->base_addr = io;//设备基地址
lp = netdev_priv(dev);ret = cs89x0_probe1(dev, io, 1);\\这一步其实也是初始化硬件的！还有一部分是对device结构进行一些初始化dev->netdev_ops = &net_ops; \\这个是对netdev_ops成员进行初始化
最后一步注册网卡驱动！上图中第二个红色箭头所指向的地方！
总结一下上图：
3.2. 网卡数据的发送
这个结合前面的经验，找到网卡的函数操作集结构：
可以看到这个成员函数的名字叫做：net_send_packet
static netdev_tx_t net_send_packet(struct sk_buff *skb,struct net_device *dev)
{
struct net_local *lp = netdev_priv(dev);
unsigned long flags;
if (net_debug > 3) {
printk("%s: sent %d byte packet of type %x\n",
dev->name, skb->len,
(skb->data[ETH_ALEN+ETH_ALEN] << 8) | skb->data[ETH_ALEN+ETH_ALEN+1]);
}
/* keep the upload from being interrupted, since we
ask the chip to start transmitting before the
whole packet has been completely uploaded. */
spin_lock_irqsave(&lp->lock, flags);
netif_stop_queue(dev);//1. 网卡驱动在向上层发送数据的时候暂时停止接收上层发来的数据
/* initiate a transmit sequence */
writeword(dev->base_addr, TX_CMD_PORT, lp->send_cmd);//2. 将skb中的数据写入寄存器
writeword(dev->base_addr, TX_LEN_PORT, skb->len);
/* Test to see if the chip has allocated memory for the packet */
if ((readreg(dev, PP_BusST) & READY_FOR_TX_NOW) == 0) {
/*
* Gasp! It hasn't. But that shouldn't happen since
* we're waiting for TxOk, so return 1 and requeue this packet.
*/
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&lp->lock, flags);
if (net_debug) printk("cs89x0: Tx buffer not free!\n");
return NETDEV_TX_BUSY;
}
/* Write the contents of the packet */
writewords(dev->base_addr, TX_FRAME_PORT,skb->data,(skb->len+1) >>1);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&lp->lock, flags);
dev->stats.tx_bytes += skb->len;
dev_kfree_skb (skb);//3. 释放skb结构
//发送数据完后，网卡会产生一个中断
return NETDEV_TX_OK;
}
ret = request_irq(dev->irq, net_interrupt, 0, dev->name, dev);</span>
可以看到这里调用了net_initerupt函数，网卡发送和接收中断！
一个是发送中断，一个是接收中断，
netif_wake_queue(dev);/* Inform upper layers. */ // 这行代码表示在发送中断处理过程中，通知上层协议，可以再次向网卡传输数据。
3.3. 网卡数据的接收
网卡数据的接收入口是在中断中完成的，这个是从中断函数中可以看到net_interrupt
接收中断处理函数net_rx(dev)
/* We have a good packet(s), get it/them out of the buffers. */
static void
net_rx(struct net_device *dev)
{
struct sk_buff *skb;
int status, length;
int ioaddr = dev->base_addr;
status = readword(ioaddr, RX_FRAME_PORT);//读取寄存器，网卡接收状态
length = readword(ioaddr, RX_FRAME_PORT);//网卡接收字节长度
if ((status & RX_OK) == 0) {
count_rx_errors(status, dev);
return;
}
/* Malloc up new buffer. */
skb = dev_alloc_skb(length + 2);//分配skb结构 +2字节空间是为头预留的
if (skb == NULL) {
#if 0 /* Again, this seems a cruel thing to do */
printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: Memory squeeze, dropping packet.\n", dev->name);
#endif
dev->stats.rx_dropped++;
return;
}
skb_reserve(skb, 2); /* longword align L3 header */
readwords(ioaddr, RX_FRAME_PORT, skb_put(skb, length), length >> 1);//将收到的数据填充入skb
if (length & 1)
skb->data[length-1] = readword(ioaddr, RX_FRAME_PORT);
if (net_debug > 3) {
printk( "%s: received %d byte packet of type %x\n",
dev->name, length,
(skb->data[ETH_ALEN+ETH_ALEN] << 8) | skb->data[ETH_ALEN+ETH_ALEN+1]);
}
skb->protocol=eth_type_trans(skb,dev);
netif_rx(skb);//将skb提交到协议栈
dev->stats.rx_packets++;
dev->stats.rx_bytes += length;
}
回环网卡驱动设计：
使用ifocnfig,可以看到除了eth0还有一个l0， eth0代表的是一个物理网卡，l0代表的就是回环网卡，从上面的打印信息可以看到l0的IP地址是127.0.0.1，可以看到当ping 127.0.0.x的时候能ping通，其实l0就是网卡的tx和rx在软件层的短接！所以才叫做回环网卡！
其实内核代码中也可以找到回环网卡的驱动！Lookback.c
这个文件中的代码部分其实不是内核模块，而是由其它部分的调用的！
删掉内核代码中的原有的loopback.c，结合上面的的分析和原有源码的分析重写编写loopback.c，
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/netdevice.h>
#include <linux/etherdevice.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/if_ether.h> /* For the statistics structure. */
unsigned long bytes = 0;
unsigned long packets = 0;//skb包
static int loopback_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb, struct net_device *dev)//数据发送
{
skb->protocol = eth_type_trans(skb,dev);//表明skb包的协议 以太网协议
bytes += skb->len;//发送的数据量
packets++; //发送的数据包也要加一
netif_rx(skb);//将skb向回送， 回环网卡驱动就是这实现的，这是很关键的一步
return 0;
}
static struct net_device_stats *loopback_get_stats(struct net_device *dev)//获取网卡状态
{
struct net_device_stats *stats = &dev->stats;//首先把state这个成员取出来
stats->rx_packets = packets;//表示网卡收到了多少个包
stats->tx_packets = packets;//表示网卡发送了多少个包
stats->rx_bytes = bytes;//表示网卡接收到了多少个字节
stats->tx_bytes = bytes;
return stats;//返回状态
}
static const struct net_device_ops loopback_ops = {//定义一个net_device_ops 结构
.ndo_start_xmit= loopback_xmit,//发送指针
.ndo_get_stats = loopback_get_stats,//获取网卡状态的函数
};
static void loopback_setup(struct net_device *dev)//初始化设置操作
{
dev->mtu = (16 * 1024) + 20 + 20 + 12;//网卡最大接收包的尺寸：16K + TCP头 + IP头 + 以太网头
dev->flags = IFF_LOOPBACK;//回环网卡专有标志 这是一个宏内核代码可查
dev->header_ops = ð_header_ops;//这个是网络包的函数操作集，内核可以看这个成员的数据结构
dev->netdev_ops = &loopback_ops;//网卡所支持操作的集合
}
static __net_init int loopback_net_init(struct net *net)
{
struct net_device *dev;
int err;
err = -ENOMEM;
dev = alloc_netdev(0, "lo", loopback_setup);//分配一个net_device结构，loopback为一个初始化函数
if (!dev)
goto out;
err = register_netdev(dev);//注册网卡驱动程序
if (err)
goto out_free_netdev;
net->loopback_dev = dev;
return 0;
out_free_netdev:
free_netdev(dev);
out:
if (net == &init_net)
panic("loopback: Failed to register netdevice: %d\n", err);
return err;
}
static __net_exit void loopback_net_exit(struct net *net)
{
struct net_device *dev = net->loopback_dev;
unregister_netdev(dev);//注销网卡驱动程序
}
/* Registered in net/core/dev.c */
struct pernet_operations __net_initdata loopback_net_ops = {
.init = loopback_net_init,
.exit = loopback_net_exit,
};
</span>保存，然后重新编译内核，下载到开发板看运行效果！
上面的回环网卡驱动有点问题，ping不同！
这是能ping通的内核自带的源码：
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/socket.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/fcntl.h>
#include <linux/in.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/inet.h>
#include <linux/netdevice.h>
#include <linux/etherdevice.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/ethtool.h>
#include <net/sock.h>
#include <net/checksum.h>
#include <linux/if_ether.h> /* For the statistics structure. */
#include <linux/if_arp.h> /* For ARPHRD_ETHER */
#include <linux/ip.h>
#include <linux/tcp.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <net/net_namespace.h>
#include <linux/u64_stats_sync.h>
struct pcpu_lstats {
u64 packets;
u64 bytes;
struct u64_stats_sync syncp;
};
/*
* The higher levels take care of making this non-reentrant (it's
* called with bh's disabled).
*/
static netdev_tx_t loopback_xmit(struct sk_buff *skb,
struct net_device *dev)
{
struct pcpu_lstats *lb_stats;
int len;
skb_orphan(skb);
skb->protocol = eth_type_trans(skb, dev);
/* it's OK to use per_cpu_ptr() because BHs are off */
lb_stats = this_cpu_ptr(dev->lstats);
len = skb->len;
if (likely(netif_rx(skb) == NET_RX_SUCCESS)) {
u64_stats_update_begin(&lb_stats->syncp);
lb_stats->bytes += len;
lb_stats->packets++;
u64_stats_update_end(&lb_stats->syncp);
}
return NETDEV_TX_OK;
}
static struct rtnl_link_stats64 *loopback_get_stats64(struct net_device *dev,
struct rtnl_link_stats64 *stats)
{
u64 bytes = 0;
u64 packets = 0;
int i;
for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
const struct pcpu_lstats *lb_stats;
u64 tbytes, tpackets;
unsigned int start;
lb_stats = per_cpu_ptr(dev->lstats, i);
do {
start = u64_stats_fetch_begin(&lb_stats->syncp);
tbytes = lb_stats->bytes;
tpackets = lb_stats->packets;
} while (u64_stats_fetch_retry(&lb_stats->syncp, start));
bytes += tbytes;
packets += tpackets;
}
stats->rx_packets = packets;
stats->tx_packets = packets;
stats->rx_bytes = bytes;
stats->tx_bytes = bytes;
return stats;
}
static u32 always_on(struct net_device *dev)
{
return 1;
}
static const struct ethtool_ops loopback_ethtool_ops = {
.get_link = always_on,
};
static int loopback_dev_init(struct net_device *dev)
{
dev->lstats = alloc_percpu(struct pcpu_lstats);
if (!dev->lstats)
return -ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
static void loopback_dev_free(struct net_device *dev)
{
free_percpu(dev->lstats);
free_netdev(dev);
}
static const struct net_device_ops loopback_ops = {
.ndo_init = loopback_dev_init,
.ndo_start_xmit= loopback_xmit,
.ndo_get_stats64 = loopback_get_stats64,
};
/*
* The loopback device is special. There is only one instance
* per network namespace.
*/
static void loopback_setup(struct net_device *dev)
{
dev->mtu = (16 * 1024) + 20 + 20 + 12;
dev->hard_header_len = ETH_HLEN; /* 14 */
dev->addr_len = ETH_ALEN; /* 6 */
dev->tx_queue_len = 0;
dev->type = ARPHRD_LOOPBACK; /* 0x0001*/
dev->flags = IFF_LOOPBACK;
dev->priv_flags &= ~IFF_XMIT_DST_RELEASE;
dev->hw_features = NETIF_F_ALL_TSO | NETIF_F_UFO;
dev->features = NETIF_F_SG | NETIF_F_FRAGLIST
| NETIF_F_ALL_TSO
| NETIF_F_UFO
| NETIF_F_NO_CSUM
| NETIF_F_RXCSUM
| NETIF_F_HIGHDMA
| NETIF_F_LLTX
| NETIF_F_NETNS_LOCAL
| NETIF_F_VLAN_CHALLENGED
| NETIF_F_LOOPBACK;
dev->ethtool_ops = &loopback_ethtool_ops;
dev->header_ops = ð_header_ops;
dev->netdev_ops = &loopback_ops;
dev->destructor = loopback_dev_free;
}
/* Setup and register the loopback device. */
static __net_init int loopback_net_init(struct net *net)
{
struct net_device *dev;
int err;
err = -ENOMEM;
dev = alloc_netdev(0, "lo", loopback_setup);
if (!dev)
goto out;
dev_net_set(dev, net);
err = register_netdev(dev);
if (err)
goto out_free_netdev;
net->loopback_dev = dev;
return 0;
out_free_netdev:
free_netdev(dev);
out:
if (net_eq(net, &init_net))
panic("loopback: Failed to register netdevice: %d\n", err);
return err;
}
/* Registered in net/core/dev.c */
struct pernet_operations __net_initdata loopback_net_ops = {
.init = loopback_net_init,
};
自己将两份源码对照着看了，暂时还没找出原因，这里先上一张错误的截图以及我认为出错的原因
373
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
