Elasticsearch7.x——Java 访问Rest API

Java 访问Rest API

Elasticsearch提供Rest API，所以可以直接直接使用 HTTP 请求，去操作 Es。HTTP 请求工具，可以使用 Java 自带的 HttpUrlConnection，也可以使用一些 HTTP 请求库，例如 HttpClient、OKHttp、Spring 中的 RestTemplate 都可以。这种方式有一个弊端，就是要自己组装请求参数，自己去解析响应的 JSON。

1、原生Java访问Rest API

在Java中，可以使用java.net包下的URLConnection类来发送HTTP请求。

//java原生，手动认证后调用_count接口
@Test
public void java_auh() throws IOException {

    String username = "elastic";
    String password = "123456";
    //构造Authorization
    String auth = username + ":" + password;
    String encodeAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(auth.getBytes());
    String authHeader = "Basic " + encodeAuth;

    URL url = new URL("http://localhost:9200/bank/_count?pretty=true");
    HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

    con.setRequestProperty("Authorization", authHeader);

    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
    String line = null;
    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
        System.out.println(line);
    }
}

{
  "count" : 1000,
  "_shards" : {
    "total" : 1,
    "successful" : 1,
    "skipped" : 0,
    "failed" : 0
  }
}

2、HttpClient访问Rest API

示例：访问_search接口

//basic auth手动编码认证，调用_search接口
@Test
public void httpclient_auth1() throws IOException {
    String username = "elastic";
    String password = "123456";
    //构造Authorization
    String auth = username + ":" + password;
    String encodeAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(auth.getBytes());
    String authHeader = "Basic " + encodeAuth;

    CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.custom().build();
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:9200/bank/_search");
    httpGet.setHeader("Authorization", authHeader);
    CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpGet);

    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
        //获取实体内容
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        //注意设置编码
        String entityString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf8");
        //输出内容
        System.out.println(entityString);
        EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());//消耗实体
    }
}

{"took":8,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":1,"successful":1,"skipped":0,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":{"value":1000,"relation":"eq"},"max_score":1.0,"hits":[{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"1","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":1,"balance":39225,"firstname":"Amber","lastname":"Duke","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"880 Holmes Lane","employer":"Pyrami","email":"amberduke@pyrami.com","city":"Brogan","state":"IL"}},{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"6","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":6,"balance":5686,"firstname":"Hattie","lastname":"Bond","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"671 Bristol Street","employer":"Netagy","email":"hattiebond@netagy.com","city":"Dante","state":"TN"}},{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"13","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":13,"balance":32838,"firstname":"Nanette","lastname":"Bates","age":28,"gender":"F","address":"789 Madison Street","employer":"Quility","email":"nanettebates@quility.com","city":"Nogal","state":"VA"}},{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"18","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":18,"balance":4180,"firstname":"Dale","lastname":"Adams","age":33,"gender":"M","address":"467 Hutchinson Court","employer":"Boink","email":"daleadams@boink.com","city":"Orick","state":"MD"}},{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"20","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":20,"balance":16418,"firstname":"Elinor","lastname":"Ratliff","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"282 Kings Place","employer":"Scentric","email":"elinorratliff@scentric.com","city":"Ribera","state":"WA"}},{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"25","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":25,"balance":40540,"firstname":"Virginia","lastname":"Ayala","age":39,"gender":"F","address":"171 Putnam Avenue","employer":"Filodyne","email":"virginiaayala@filodyne.com","city":"Nicholson","state":"PA"}},{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"32","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":32,"balance":48086,"firstname":"Dillard","lastname":"Mcpherson","age":34,"gender":"F","address":"702 Quentin Street","employer":"Quailcom","email":"dillardmcpherson@quailcom.com","city":"Veguita","state":"IN"}},{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"37","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":37,"balance":18612,"firstname":"Mcgee","lastname":"Mooney","age":39,"gender":"M","address":"826 Fillmore Place","employer":"Reversus","email":"mcgeemooney@reversus.com","city":"Tooleville","state":"OK"}},{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"44","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":44,"balance":34487,"firstname":"Aurelia","lastname":"Harding","age":37,"gender":"M","address":"502 Baycliff Terrace","employer":"Orbalix","email":"aureliaharding@orbalix.com","city":"Yardville","state":"DE"}},{"_index":"bank","_type":"_doc","_id":"49","_score":1.0,"_source":{"account_number":49,"balance":29104,"firstname":"Fulton","lastname":"Holt","age":23,"gender":"F","address":"451 Humboldt Street","employer":"Anocha","email":"fultonholt@anocha.com","city":"Sunriver","state":"RI"}}]}}

示例：访问_analyze接口

//使用CredentialsProvider认证，调用 _analyze接口
@Test
public void httpclient_auth2() throws IOException {
    String url = "http://localhost:9200/_analyze?pretty=true";

    CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
    httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json");
    httpPost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
    httpPost.setHeader("DataEncoding", "UTF-8");

    JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
    object.put("analyzer","ik_smart");
    object.put("text", "我是中国人");
    httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(object.toString(), "UTF-8"));


    // 加es身份认证
    HttpHost targetHost = new HttpHost("192.168.1.1", 9200, "http");
    //设置账号密码
    CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
    credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY,
            new UsernamePasswordCredentials("elastic", "123456"));
    AuthCache authCache = new BasicAuthCache();
    BasicScheme basicAuth = new BasicScheme();
    authCache.put(targetHost, basicAuth);

    HttpClientContext context = HttpClientContext.create();
    context.setCredentialsProvider(credentialsProvider);
    context.setAuthCache(authCache);

    CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost, context);
    if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
        //获取实体内容
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        //注意设置编码
        String entityString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf8");
        //输出内容
        System.out.println(entityString);
        EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());//消耗实体
    }
}

{
  "tokens" : [
    {
      "token" : "我",
      "start_offset" : 0,
      "end_offset" : 1,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 0
    },
    {
      "token" : "是",
      "start_offset" : 1,
      "end_offset" : 2,
      "type" : "CN_CHAR",
      "position" : 1
    },
    {
      "token" : "中国人",
      "start_offset" : 2,
      "end_offset" : 5,
      "type" : "CN_WORD",
      "position" : 2
    }
  ]
}

3、使用RestTemplate访问Rest API

@SpringBootApplication
public class AppApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
        return builder.build();
    }
}

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {AppApplication.class})
public class RestTemplateTest {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;


    @Test
    public void restTemplate_auth() {
        String username = "elastic";
        String password = "123456";
        //构造Authorization
        String auth = username + ":" + password;
        String encodeAuth = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(auth.getBytes());
        String authHeader = "Basic " + encodeAuth;

        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        headers.set("Authorization", authHeader);
        HttpEntity entity = new HttpEntity(headers);
        ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange("http://localhost:9200/bank/_mappings?pretty=true",
                HttpMethod.GET,
                entity,
                String.class);
        if (response.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK){
            System.out.println(response.getBody());
        }
    }
}

{
  "bank" : {
    "mappings" : {
      "properties" : {
        "account_number" : {
          "type" : "long"
        },
        "address" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "age" : {
          "type" : "long"
        },
        "balance" : {
          "type" : "long"
        },
        "city" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "email" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "employer" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "firstname" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "gender" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "lastname" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        },
        "state" : {
          "type" : "text",
          "fields" : {
            "keyword" : {
              "type" : "keyword",
              "ignore_above" : 256
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}