2014软件设计师考试（英语部分）

2014年上半年上午卷

Cloud computing is a phrase used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers (71) $connected$ through a real-time communication network such as the Internet, In science, cloud computing is a (72) $synonym$ for distributed computing over a network, and means the (73) $ability$ to ruan a program or application on many connected computers at the same time.
The architecture of a cloud is developed at three at three layers: infrastructure, platorm, and application, The infrastructure layer is built with virtualized computer, storage, and network resources. The platform layer is for general-purpose and repeated usage of the collection of software resources. The application layer is formed with a collection of all needed software modules for SaaS applications. The infrastructure layer serves as the (74) $hardware$ for building the platform layer of the cloud. In turn, the platform layer is a foundation for implementing the (75) $application$ layer for SaaS applications.

云计算是用于描述涉及通过诸如因特网的实时通信网络连接的大量计算机（71）的各种计算概念的短语。在科学中，云计算是分布式计算的同义词（72）。通过网络，意味着（73）同时在许多连接的计算机上使用程序或应用程序的能力。
云的体系结构分为三层开发：基础架构，平台和应用程序。基础架构层使用虚拟化计算机，存储和网络资源构建。平台层用于通用和重复使用软件资源的集合。应用程序层由SaaS应用程序的所有所需软件模块组成。基础设施层用作构建云平台层的（74）硬件。反过来，平台层是实现SaaS应用程序（75）应用程序层的基础。

(71)
A. $connected$ 连接的
B. imlemented 使生效
C. optimized 优化
D. Virtualized 虚拟化
(72)
A. replacement 替换
B. switch 开关
C. substitute 替代
D. $synonym$ 同义词
(73)
A. $ability$ 能力
B. applroach 途径
C. function 功能
D. network 网络
(74)
A. network 网络
B. foundation 基础
C. software 软件
D. $hardware$ 硬件
(75)
A. resoruce 资源
B. service 服务
C. $application$ 应用
D. software 软件

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2014年下半年上午卷

Teams are required for most engineering projects. Although some small hardware or software products can be developed by individuals, the scale and complexity of modem systems is such, and the demand for short schedulles so great, that it is no longer (71) $practical$ for one person to do most engineering jobs. Systems develoment is a team (72) $activity$, and the effectiveness of the team largely determines the (73) $quality$ of the engineering. Development teams often behave much like baseball or basketvall teams. Even thouht they may have multiple specialties, allthe members work toward (74) $a$ $single$ $objective$. However, on systems maintenance and enhancement teams, the engineers often work relatively independently, much like wrestiling and track teams. A team is (75) $more$ $than$ just a group of people who happen to work together. Teamwork takes practice and it involves special skills. Teams require common processes; they need agreed-upon goals; and they need effective guidance and leadership. The methods for guiding and leading such teams are well known, but they are not obvious.

大多数工程项目都需要团队。虽然一些小型硬件或软件产品可以由个人开发，但是现代系统的规模和复杂性是这样的，并且对短期计划的需求如此之大，以至于对于一个人来说做大多数工程工作不再是实用的。系统开发是一个团队（72）活动，团队的有效性在很大程度上决定了工程的质量（73）。开发团队通常表现得像棒球队或篮球队。即使他们可能有多个专业，所有成员都致力于（74）一个目标。但是，在系统维护和增强团队中，工程师通常相对独立地工作，就像wrestiling和跟踪团队一样。一个团队（75）不仅仅是一群碰巧在一起工作的人。团队合作需要练习，而且涉及特殊技能。团队需要共同的流程;他们需要达成共识的目标;他们需要有效的指导和领导。指导和领导这些团队的方法是众所周知的，但它们并不明显。

(71)
A. convenient 方便
B. existing 现有
C. $practical$ 实际的
D. real 真实
(72)
A. $activity$ 活动
B. job 工作
C. process 处理
D. application 应用
(73)
A. size 尺寸
B. $quality$ 质量
C. scale 规模
D. complexity 复杂
(74)
A. multiple objectives 多个目标
B. different objectives 不同的目标
C. $a$ $single$ $objective$ 一个目标
D. independent objectives 独立目标
(75)
A. relatively 相对
B. /
C. only 只要
D. $more$ $than$ 多于