docker安装及入门

1. 清理安装包：

    yum remove docker \
                     docker-client \
                     docker-client-latest \
                     docker-common \
                     docker-latest \
                     docker-latest-logrotate \
                     docker-logrotate \
                     docker-selinux \
                     docker-engine-selinux \
                     docker-engine
   

2. 安装依赖包：

   yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
   

3. 添加镜像源：

   使用阿里源

   yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
   
   yum makecache
   

4. 安装CE docker社区版本：

   yum -y install docker-ce
   

5. 启动服务验证

   systemctl start docker
   docker run hello-world   # 没有helloworld镜像，会下载该镜像并启动
   

启动如果失败

在系统日志message中查看日志：

Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 dockerd: time="2019-08-10T03:02:21.577011955-04:00" level=info msg="Error while creating filesystem xfs on device docker-253:1-69296955-base: exit status 1" storage-driver=devicemapper
Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 dockerd: time="2019-08-10T03:02:21.577027167-04:00" level=error msg="[graphdriver] prior storage driver devicemapper failed: exit status 1"
Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 dockerd: failed to start daemon: error initializing graphdriver: exit status 1
Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 systemd: docker.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
Aug 10 03:02:21 docker1 systemd: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.

需要升级xfs版本：

yum update xfsprogs

修改镜像仓库源：

新建文件： /etc/docker/daemon.json

{
  "registry-mirrors": ["http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"]
}

检查：

docker system info

 Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
 Labels:
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  127.0.0.0/8
 Registry Mirrors:
  http://hub-mirror.c.163.com/
 Live Restore Enabled: false

search 镜像：

docker search httpd

docker ps

docker image ls

[root@docker1 docker]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB

docker pull 获取镜像：

[root@docker1 docker]# docker pull centos/httpd 
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from centos/httpd
a02a4930cb5d: Pulling fs layer 
628eaef4a9e0: Pulling fs layer 
20c0ca1c0cd5: Download complete 
30cf2fb1a57e: Download complete 

依据镜像启动容器：

docker container run -it xxxx /bin/bash

查看运行的容器：

docker container ls

查看所有的容器 加上-a：

docker container ls -a

[root@docker1 ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                   PORTS               NAMES
7e601c101259        hello-world         "/hello"            2 hours ago         Exited (0) 2 hours ago                       optimistic_jang

登录容器：

docker container exec -it xxxx bash

停止容器：

docker container stop xxx

删除容器

docker container rm 7e601c101259

[root@docker1 ~]# docker container rm 7e601c101259
7e601c101259
[root@docker1 ~]# 
[root@docker1 ~]# docker container ls -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

实验：

启动一个apache 应用，并能够通过宿主机的ip进行访问：

docker container run -d --name mweb --publish 8080:80 centos/httpd

使用镜像httpd启动一个web服务， 名称为mweb 并且将容器内的80端口映射为宿主机的8080端口， 这样就可以使用宿主机的8080端口访问应用了

[root@docker1 docker]# docker image list
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB
centos/httpd        latest              2cc07fbb5000        7 months ago        258MB


[root@docker1 docker]# docker container run -d --name mweb --publish 8080:80 centos/httpd
1fe7d3e5050214224a8e14084e8951b4beab972e4a935745273099b78d93c532
[root@docker1 docker]# 
[root@docker1 docker]# 
[root@docker1 docker]# 
[root@docker1 docker]# docker container ls
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
1fe7d3e50502        centos/httpd        "/run-httpd.sh"     13 seconds ago      Up 11 seconds       0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp   mweb
[root@docker1 docker]# 

打开端口验证