Linux下进程通信之共享内存

关于共享内存，一般要做以下步骤

1.使用shmget建立共享内存空间

2.使用shmmat映射当前进程到开辟新的共享内存空间

3.读取或者写入数据到共享内存

3.删除共享内存空间

这个思路跟自己使用C语言中的malloc和free差不多，都是先申请后释放

当然C++/VC++/MFC都有相应的函数，只不过系统提供的有自动析构的函数，能够自动释放空间

看一下代码实例；

写入/读取的结构体：shm_com.h

#include<unistd.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/ipc.h>
#include<sys/shm.h>

#ifndef _SHM
#define _SHM
#define SHM_READ 0
#define SHM_WRITE 1
#endif

#define TEXT_SHM 2048

struct shared_use
{
	int n_write;
	char sz_text[TEXT_SHM];
};

读取共享内存的数据shm_r.h

#include"shm_com.h"

int main(void)
{
	int n_run=1;
	void* p_shared_mem=(void*)0;
	struct shared_use* st_shared_stuff;
	int n_shmid;
	
	n_shmid = shmget( (key_t)1234,sizeof(struct shared_use),0666|IPC_CREAT );
	if(n_shmid==-1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"create share memory failed!\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	
	p_shared_mem=shmat(n_shmid,(void*)0,0);
	if(p_shared_mem ==(void*)-1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"share momery mapping failed!\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	printf("Memory Address: %X\n",(int)p_shared_mem);
	
	st_shared_stuff=(struct shared_use*)p_shared_mem;
	//st_shared_stuff->sz_text=;
	st_shared_stuff->n_write=SHM_READ;
	while(n_run)
	{
		if(st_shared_stuff->n_write==SHM_WRITE)
		{
			printf("You write data:%s\n",st_shared_stuff->sz_text);
			sleep(1);
			st_shared_stuff->n_write=SHM_READ;
			if(strncmp(st_shared_stuff->sz_text,"end",3)==0)
			{
				n_run = 0;
			}		
		}
		else
		{
			sleep(1);
			printf("wait for write data\n");
		}
	}
	
	if(shmdt(p_shared_mem)==-1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"delete share memory failed!\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

共享数据的写入 shm_w.c

#include"shm_com.h"

#define BUFFSIZE 1024

int main(void)
{
	int n_run=1;
	void* p_shared_mem=(void*)0;
	struct shared_use* st_shared_stuff;
	int n_shmid;
	char sz_buff[BUFFSIZE];
	
	n_shmid = shmget( (key_t)1234,sizeof(struct shared_use),0666|IPC_CREAT);
	if(n_shmid==-1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"create share memory failed!\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	
	p_shared_mem=shmat(n_shmid,(void*)0,0);
	if(p_shared_mem ==(void*)-1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"share momery mapping failed!\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	printf("Memory Address: %X\n",(int)p_shared_mem);
	
	st_shared_stuff = (struct shared_use*)p_shared_mem;
	while(n_run)
	{
		if(st_shared_stuff->n_write==SHM_WRITE)
		{
			sleep(1);
			printf("wait for client data\n");
		}
		printf("Enter data: ");
		fgets(sz_buff,BUFFSIZE,stdin);
		strncpy(st_shared_stuff->sz_text,sz_buff,TEXT_SHM);
		st_shared_stuff->n_write=SHM_WRITE;
		if(strncmp(sz_buff,"end",3)==0)
		{
			n_run = 0;
		}		
	}
	
	if(shmdt(p_shared_mem)==-1)
	{
		fprintf(stderr,"delete share memory failed!\n");
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}
	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

 

思考：

1.内存空间一定要在使用前初始化，不然会读取到意想不到的效果

2.共享数据时要保证数据的完整性，不能在写入时被另外进程读取（当然不考虑其他复杂问题）

3.全局变量、静态数据变量与共享内存的思考

4.父子进程共享的数据变量

5.类变量如class xx::static int n_page=1与全局变量int gn_page=2的区别