linux常用操作命令

pwd

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 bbdir]# pwd

/root/bbdir

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 bbdir]#

cd

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 bbdir]# cd /root

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# pwd

/root

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

ls

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# ls

aaa  anaconda-ks.cfg  bb  bbdir  bb.txt  cc.txt  db2expc.rsp  Desktop  install.log  install.log.syslog

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# which ll

alias ll='ls -l --color=tty'

        /bin/ls

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

touch

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# touch aa.txt bb.txt

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# echo a1 >> aa.txt

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# echo a2 >> aa.txt

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# ll

total 84

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Feb 16 06:34 aaa

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Feb 16 08:21 aa.txt

-rw------- 1 root root  1355 Apr 29  2010 anaconda-ks.cfg

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# touch --no-create -t 01010101 aa.txt

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# ll

total 84

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Feb 16 06:34 aaa

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Jan  1 01:01 aa.txt

-rw------- 1 root root  1355 Apr 29  2010 anaconda-ks.cfg

mkdir

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# mkdir -m 777 -p /root/a1/a2/a3

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# ll /root/a1/a2/

total 4

drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Feb 16 08:25 a3

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

rmdir

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# touch /root/a1/a2/a3/aaa.txt

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# rmdir /root/a1/a2/a3/

rmdir: /root/a1/a2/a3/: Directory not empty

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# rmdir -p /root/a1

rmdir: /root/a1: Directory not empty

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# rm /root/a1/a2/a3/aaa.txt

rm: remove regular empty file `/root/a1/a2/a3/aaa.txt'? y

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# rmdir -p /root/a1/

rmdir: /root/a1/: Directory not empty

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# rmdir -p /root/a1/a2/a3/

rmdir: /root: Directory not empty

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# ll /root/

total 84

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Feb 16 06:34 aaa

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     6 Jan  1 01:01 aa.txt

-rw------- 1 root root  1355 Apr 29  2010 anaconda-ks.cfg

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    35 Feb 16 07:14 bb

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Feb 16 08:16 bbdir

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     4 Feb 16 08:21 bb.txt

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     4 Feb 16 04:55 cc.txt

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  2776 Apr 30  2010 db2expc.rsp

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Apr 29  2010 Desktop

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31249 Apr 29  2010 install.log

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  3502 Apr 29  2010 install.log.syslog

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

cp

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# mkdir bbb

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# cp -dpr /root/aaa /root/bbb

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# ll /root/bbb/aaa/

total 8

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Feb 16 05:47 1a.bak

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Feb 16 05:46 1.bak

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Feb 16 05:46 22.bak

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Feb 16 05:46 2.bak

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Feb 16 05:46 a1.bak

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Feb 16 05:17 a.bak

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 16 08:41 bbb

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  320 Feb 16 06:34 ll.txt

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# cp -dprf /root/aaa /root/bbb

cp: overwrite `/root/bbb/aaa/1.bak'? y

cp: overwrite `/root/bbb/aaa/bbb/a2.txt'? y

cp: overwrite `/root/bbb/aaa/22.bak'? y

cp: overwrite `/root/bbb/aaa/2.bak'? y

cp: overwrite `/root/bbb/aaa/ll.txt'? y

cp: overwrite `/root/bbb/aaa/a.bak'? y

cp: overwrite `/root/bbb/aaa/1a.bak'? y

cp: overwrite `/root/bbb/aaa/a1.bak'? y

mv

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# mv /root/aaa /root/ccc

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# mv /root/aaa /root/ccc

mv: cannot stat `/root/aaa': No such file or directory

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# mv -f /root/ccc /root/bbb

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

rm

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# rm -rf /root/bbb

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

wc

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# wc -lcw aa.txt bb.txt

 4 10 39 aa.txt

 4  8 31 bb.txt

 8 18 70 total

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# cat aa.txt

A1 word jiang china

a2

pen

it is a dog

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# cat bb.txt

bed

let us go to school

ok

bcd

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

 

cat

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# cat -nbs bb.txt

     1  bed

     2  let us go to school

     3  ok

     4  bcd

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

 

more

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# more -2   more.txt

aaa

aaa

aaa

aaa

aaa

aaa

aaa

aaa

--More--(61%)

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# more -2 -d  more.txt

aaa

aaa

--More--(15%)[Press space to continue, 'q' to quit.]

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# more -2 -d -l -u +/a  more.txt

aaa

aaa

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

less可以往回卷动

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# less more.txt

 

head

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# head -3 -v more.txt

==> more.txt <==

bbb >

aaa

aaa

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# head -5 more.txt

bbb >

aaa

aaa

aaa

aaa

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

tail

在另外一个窗口写数据到d.txt，会显示到tail窗口

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ tail -f -n 3 d.txt

aa1

aa1

aa4

aa4

aa4

aa5

aa5

aa5

sort

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ sort d.txt

aa5

abwkhda5

ada5

ahda5

ajbwkhda5

akhda5

amjbwkhda5

awkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ sort -c d.txt

sort: d.txt:6: disorder: abwkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ sort -u -c d.txt

sort: d.txt:6: disorder: abwkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ sort -u -r d.txt

awkhda5

amjbwkhda5

akhda5

ajbwkhda5

ahda5

ada5

abwkhda5

aa5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

 

uniq

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cat d.txt

aa5

ada5

ahda5

akhda5

awkhda5

abwkhda5

ajbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

awkhda5

awkhda5

awkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uniq -c d.txt

      1 aa5

      1 ada5

      1 ahda5

      1 akhda5

      1 awkhda5

      1 abwkhda5

      1 ajbwkhda5

      4 amjbwkhda5

      3 awkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uniq -c -d d.txt

      4 amjbwkhda5

      3 awkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uniq  d.txt dd.txt

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cat dd.txt

aa5

ada5

ahda5

akhda5

awkhda5

abwkhda5

ajbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

awkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

cut

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cat d.txt

aa5

ada5

ahda5

akhda5

awkhda5

abwkhda5

ajbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

awkhda5

awkhda5

awkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cut -f 1,5 -d :d.txt

cut: the delimiter must be a single character

Try `cut --help' for more information.

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cut -c 2 d.txt

a

d

h

k

w

b

j

m

m

m

m

w

w

w

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cut -c2- d.txt

a5

da5

hda5

khda5

wkhda5

bwkhda5

jbwkhda5

mjbwkhda5

mjbwkhda5

mjbwkhda5

mjbwkhda5

wkhda5

wkhda5

wkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cut -c1,3,8 d.txt

a5

aa

ad

ah

ak

aw5

aba

ajd

ajd

ajd

ajd

ak

ak

ak

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

 

comm

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ comm -1 d.txt dd.txt 显示第2个文件的

        aa5

        ada5

        ahda5

        akhda5

        awkhda5

        abwkhda5

        ajbwkhda5

        amjbwkhda5

        awkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ comm -2 d.txt dd.txt 显示第1个文件的

        aa5

        ada5

        ahda5

        akhda5

        awkhda5

        abwkhda5

        ajbwkhda5

        amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

        awkhda5

awkhda5

awkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ comm -3 d.txt dd.txt   显示两个文件都出现的

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

amjbwkhda5

awkhda5

awkhda5

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

diff

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ echo a >> file1

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ echo aa >> file1

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ echo a >> file2

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ echo ab >> file2

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ diff file1 file2

2c2

< aa

---

> ab

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

grep

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ grep 'ab' file2

ab

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ grep -n 'ab' file2

2:ab

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ grep -n -v 'ab' file2

1:a

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ grep '[a-z]\{2\}' file2

ab

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

find

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ find /home/oracle/ -name dd.txt

/home/oracle/dd.txt

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

locate需要数据库，在crontab执行

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ locate -n 2 abc

/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/ctx/admin/drvxtabc.pkh

/opt/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/ctx/admin/drvxtabc.plb

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

whereis

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ whereis mv

mv: /bin/mv /usr/share/man/man1/mv.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/mv.1p.gz

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ whereis -b mv

mv: /bin/mv

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ whereis -m mv

mv: /usr/share/man/man1/mv.1.gz /usr/share/man/man1p/mv.1p.gz

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ whereis -s mv

mv:

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

file

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ file *

dd.txt:  ASCII text

Desktop: directory

d.txt:   ASCII text

file1:   ASCII text

file2:   ASCII text

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

whatis查命令功能

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ whatis mv

mv                   (1)  - move (rename) files

mv                   (1p)  - move files

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

which

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ which mv

/bin/mv

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

uname

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uname

Linux

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uname -a

Linux mylinuxdbserver1 2.6.18-92.el5xen #1 SMP Tue Apr 29 13:45:57 EDT 2008 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uname -m

i686

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uname -n

mylinuxdbserver1

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uname -r

2.6.18-92.el5xen

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uname -s

Linux

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ uname -v

#1 SMP Tue Apr 29 13:45:57 EDT 2008

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

hostname

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ hostname

mylinuxdbserver1

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ hostname mylinuxdbserver2

hostname: you must be root to change the host name

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ hostname mylinuxdbserver1

hostname: you must be root to change the host name

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

dmesg

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ dmesg | more

Linux version 2.6.18-92.el5xen (brewbuilder@hs20-bc2-3.build.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.2 20071124 (Red Hat 4.1.2-41)) #1 SMP Tue Apr 29 13:45:57 EDT 2008

BIOS-provided physical RAM map:

 Xen: 0000000000000000 - 000000003b531000 (usable)

221MB HIGHMEM available.

727MB LOWMEM available.

NX (Execute Disable) protection: active

On node 0 totalpages: 242993

  DMA zone: 186366 pages, LIFO batch:31

  HighMem zone: 56627 pages, LIFO batch:15

found SMP MP-table at 000f6ce0

DMI present.

ACPI: RSDP (v000 PTLTD                                 ) @ 0x000f6c70

ACPI: RSDT (v001 PTLTD    RSDT   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x3fef7b74

ACPI: FADT (v001 INTEL  440BX    0x06040000 PTL  0x000f4240) @ 0x3fefbf14

ACPI: MADT (v001 PTLTD           APIC   0x06040000  LTP 0x00000000) @ 0x3fefbf88

ACPI: BOOT (v001 PTLTD  $SBFTBL$ 0x06040000  LTP 0x00000001) @ 0x3fefbfd8

ACPI: DSDT (v001 PTLTD  Custom   0x06040000 MSFT 0x0100000d) @ 0x00000000

ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000

cal

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cal

   February 2015

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

 1  2  3  4  5  6  7

 8  9 10 11 12 13 14

15 16 17 18 19 20 21

22 23 24 25 26 27 28

 

 

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cal 5 2001

      May 2001

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

       1  2  3  4  5

 6  7  8  9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22 23 24 25 26

27 28 29 30 31

 

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cal -m

   February 2015

Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su

                   1

 2  3  4  5  6  7  8

 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28

 

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cal -jy

                           2015

 

          January                       February

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

                  1   2   3    32  33  34  35  36  37  38

  4   5   6   7   8   9  10    39  40  41  42  43  44  45

 11  12  13  14  15  16  17    46  47  48  49  50  51  52

 18  19  20  21  22  23  24    53  54  55  56  57  58  59

 25  26  27  28  29  30  31

 

           March                         April

Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat   Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat

 60  61  62  63  64  65  66                91  92  93  94

 

date

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ date

Tue Feb 17 01:00:52 CST 2015

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ date -s 17:06:00

date: cannot set date: Operation not permitted

Tue Feb 17 17:06:00 CST 2015

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ date -s 100606

date: cannot set date: Operation not permitted

Sun Jun  6 00:00:00 CST 2010

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ date

Tue Feb 17 01:02:08 CST 2015

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

echo

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ echo hello world

hello world

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ echo hello world >> node

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ cat node

hello world

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

mesg

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ mesg

is y

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ mesg n

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ mesg

is n

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ mesg y

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ mesg

is y

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

write

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ write oracle pts/3

write: oracle has messages disabled on pts/3

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# write oracle pts/3

hhh

asdf

who

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# who

oracle   pts/3        2015-02-16 18:45 (192.168.0.1)

oracle   pts/1        2015-02-16 18:45 (192.168.0.1)

oracle   pts/2        2015-02-16 18:45 (192.168.0.1)

 

wall

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# wall " 大家 ，下班关 "

 

Broadcast message from root (pts/3) (Mon Feb 16 08:59:20 2015):

 

大家好，下班关机

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

 

talk

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# talk oracle pts/2

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#  talk daemon: Connection refused ]

clear

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ clear

sync

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ sync

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

uptime

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# uptime -V

procps version 3.2.7

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# uptime

 07:30:39 up 12:54,  3 users,  load average: 0.30, 0.20, 0.15

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# date

Tue Feb 17 07:30:56 CST 2015

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]#

last

[root@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]# last

oracle   pts/2        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 18:45   still logged in

oracle   pts/1        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 18:45   still logged in

oracle   pts/3        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 18:45   still logged in

reboot   system boot  2.6.18-92.el5xen Mon Feb 16 18:37          (12:54)

oracle   pts/1        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 09:45 - down   (00:00)

oracle   pts/3        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 08:41 - 09:44  (01:02)

oracle   pts/1        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 08:04 - 09:44  (01:39)

oracle   pts/2        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 08:04 - 09:44  (01:40)

oracle   pts/2        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 07:58 - 08:04  (00:05)

oracle   pts/2        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 07:57 - 07:58  (00:00)

oracle   pts/2        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 07:56 - 07:57  (00:01)

oracle   pts/1        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 07:56 - 08:04  (00:08)

oracle   pts/2        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 07:55 - 07:56  (00:00)

db2inst1 pts/2        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 07:40 - 07:51  (00:10)

db2inst1 pts/2        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 07:36 - 07:40  (00:03)

db2inst1 pts/2        192.168.0.1      Mon Feb 16 07:34 - 07:36  (00:02)

mtools

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$ mtools

Supported commands:

mattrib, mbadblocks, mcat, mcd, mclasserase, mcopy, mdel, mdeltree

mdir, mdoctorfat, mdu, mformat, minfo, mlabel, mmd, mmount

mpartition, mrd, mread, mmove, mren, mshowfat, mtoolstest, mtype

mwrite, mzip

[oracle@mylinuxdbserver1 ~]$

 

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