04数据文件

系统数据文件和信息

• /etc/passwd (不一定所有系统都有)
  • getpwuid();用uid得到passwd结构体指针

    struct passwd *getpwuid(uid_t uid);
    

  • getpwnam();用用户名得到passwd结构体

    struct passwd *getpwnam(const char *name);
    

  • struct passwd {
      char   *pw_name;       /* username */
      char   *pw_passwd;     /* user password */
      uid_t   pw_uid;        /* user ID */
      gid_t   pw_gid;        /* group ID */
      char   *pw_gecos;      /* user information */
      char   *pw_dir;        /* home directory */
      char   *pw_shell;      /* shell program */
      };
    

• /etc/group
  • getgrgid();

    struct group *getgrgid(gid_t gid);
    

  • getgrgrnam();

    struct group *getgrnam(const char *name);
    

  • struct group {
      char   *gr_name;        /* group name */
      char   *gr_passwd;      /* group password */
      gid_t   gr_gid;         /* group ID */
      char  **gr_mem;         /* NULL-terminated array of pointers to names of group members */
    };
    

• /etc/shadow
  • getspnam(); 用用户名得到spwd结构体

    struct spwd *getspnam(const char *name);
    

    struct spwd {
        char *sp_namp;     /* Login name */
        char *sp_pwdp;     /* Encrypted password */
        long  sp_lstchg;   /* Date of last change(measured in days since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)) */
        long  sp_min;      /* Min # of days between changes */
        long  sp_max;      /* Max # of days between changes */
        long  sp_warn;     /* # of days before password expires to warn user to change it */
        long  sp_inact;    /* # of days after password expires ntil account is disabled */
        long  sp_expire;   /* Date when account expires (measured in days since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 +0000 (UTC)) */
        unsigned long sp_flag;  /* Reserved */
    };
    

  • crypt();加密 Crypt Library (libcrypt, -lcrypt)

    char * crypt(const char *phrase, const char *setting);
    

  • getpass();安全地获得密码（关闭终端的回显）

    char *getpass(const char *prompt);
    

  • /etc/shadow语法格式： zhang:$加密方式$杂质$口令

1. 时间戳 (man 2):①time-t②char *③struct tm

• time(); 两种用法①返回值②参数传指针

  time_t time(time_t *tloc);
  

• gmtime();秒数转化为格林尼治时间

  struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *timep);
  

  struct tm {
    int tm_sec;    /* Seconds (0-60) */
    int tm_min;    /* Minutes (0-59) */
    int tm_hour;   /* Hours (0-23) */
    int tm_mday;   /* Day of the month (1-31) */
    int tm_mon;    /* Month (0-11) */
    int tm_year;   /* Year - 1900 */
    int tm_wday;   /* Day of the week (0-6, Sunday = 0) */
    int tm_yday;   /* Day in the year (0-365, 1 Jan = 0) */
    int tm_isdst;  /* Daylight saving time */
  };
  

• localtime();秒数转化为本地时间(指向静态区)

  struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timep);
  

• mktime();把结构体转化为秒数

  time_t mktime(struct tm *tm);
  

• strftime(); 按照模式来获取字符串

  size_t strftime(char *s, size_t max, const char *format, const struct tm *tm);