[Ruby笔记]13.Ruby object .replace("") .dup .freeze

.replace()

• 打开irb ：

PS C:\Users\Administrator> irb --simple-prompt

• 创建字符串变量str ，值为“hello”，赋值给变量abc，本质是使abc指向同一个字符串对象，所以均输出为同一个“hello” ：

>> str = "Hello"
=> "Hello"
>> abc = str
=> "Hello"

• 对str 变量使用.replace(""),使其指向的object的值修改为"Goodbye"，直接导致指向同一个对象的abc也会输出“Goodbye” ：

>> str.replace("Goodbye")
=> "Goodbye"
>> puts str
Goodbye
=> nil
>> puts abc
Goodbye
=> nil

.dup and .freeze

创建修改字符串方法change_string()

PS C:\Users\Administrator> irb --simple-prompt
>> def change_string(str)
>>     str.replace("New String")
>> end
=> :change_string

example

• 被改变成新的字符串

>> s = "Hello world"
>> change_string(s)
>> puts s
New String 

• .dup(duplicate）保持原来的值没有变化

>> s = "Hello world"
>> change_string(s.dup) # 对s使用.dup相当于创建了一个副本
>> puts s
Hello world  

• can’t modify frozen String

>> s = "Good Day"
>> s.freeze
>> change_string(s)
RuntimeError: can't modify frozen String

freeze and replace

• 对numbers使用.freeze，使得无法对numbers进行修改操作 :

PS C:\Users\Administrator> irb
irb(main):001:0> numbers = ["one","two","three"]
=> ["one", "two", "three"]

irb(main):002:0> numbers.freeze
=> ["one", "two", "three"]


irb(main):005:0> numbers[2] = "four"
RuntimeError: can't modify frozen Array
        from (irb):5
        from C:/Ruby23-x64/bin/irb.cmd:19:in `<main>'

• 但是仍可以用.replace修改numbers中的元素"three"指向的对象的值 :

irb(main):006:0> numbers[2].replace("four")

irb(main):007:0> numbers
=> ["one", "two", "four"]

reference

《The Well-Grounded Rubyist, Second Edition》
(https://www.manning.com/books/the-well-grounded-rubyist-second-edition)
2.5. Local variables and variable assignment 2.5.1~2.5.3

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