概要:
Spring表达式语言:SpEL
- Spring表达式语言(简称SpEL):是一个支持运行时查询和操作对象图的强大的表达式语言
- 语言类似于EL:SpEL使用#{...} 作为定界符,所有在大括号中的字符都将被认为是SpEL
- SpEL为bean的属性进行动态赋值提供了便利
- 通过SpEL可以实现:
- 通过bean的id对bean进行引用
- 调用方法以及引用对象中的属性
- 计算表达式的值
- 正则表达式的匹配
SpEL:字面量(仅赋予字面值,使用SpEL的意义不大)
- 字面量的表示
- 整数:<property name="count" value="#{5}"/>
- 小数:<property name="frequency" value="#{89.7}"/>
- 科学计算法:<property name="capacity" value="#{1e4}"/>
- String可以使用单引号或者双引号作为字符串的定界符号:<property name="name" value="#{‘Chuck’}"/>或<property name='name' value='#{"Chuck"}'/>
- Boolean:<property name="enabled" value="#{false}"/>
SpEL:引用Bean、属性和方法
- 引用其他对象:
- 引用其他对象的属性(用普通的方式做不到的)
- 调用其他方法,还可以链式操作
- 调用静态方法或静态属性:通过T()调用一个类的静态方法,它将返回一个Class Object,然后再调用相应的方法或属性:
SpEL支持的运算符号
- 算数运算符:+,-,*,/,%,^
- 加号还可以用作字符串连接:
- 比较运算符:<,>,==,<=,>=,lt,gt,eq,le,ge
- 逻辑运算符号:and,or,not,|
- if-else运算符:?:(temary),?:(Elvis)
- if-else的变体
- 正则表达式:matches
实例代码详解
目录结构(用到的包)
Address.java
package com.coslay.beans.spel;
public class Address {
private String city;
private String street;
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getStreet() {
return street;
}
public void setStreet(String street) {
this.street = street;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
}
}
Car.java
package com.coslay.beans.spel;
public class Car {
private String brand;
private double price;
// 轮胎的周长
private double tyrePerimeter;
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public Car() {
System.out.println("Car's Constructor...");
}
public double getTyrePerimeter() {
return tyrePerimeter;
}
public void setTyrePerimeter(double tyrePerimeter) {
this.tyrePerimeter = tyrePerimeter;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + ", tyrePerimeter="
+ tyrePerimeter + "]";
}
}
Person.java
package com.coslay.beans.spel;
public class Person {
private String name;
private Car car;
// 引用address bean的city属性
private String city;
// 根据car的price确定info:car的price》=300000:金额
// 否则为:白领
private String info;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Car getCar() {
return car;
}
public void setCar(Car car) {
this.car = car;
}
public String getCity() {
return city;
}
public void setCity(String city) {
this.city = city;
}
public String getInfo() {
return info;
}
public void setInfo(String info) {
this.info = info;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", car=" + car + ", city=" + city
+ ", info=" + info + "]";
}
}
Main.java
package com.coslay.beans.spel;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"beans-spel.xml");
Address address = (Address) ctx.getBean("address");
System.out.println(address);
Car car = (Car) ctx.getBean("car");
System.out.println(car);
Person person = (Person) ctx.getBean("person");
System.out.println(person);
}
}
beans-spel.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="address" class="com.coslay.beans.spel.Address">
<!-- 使用spel为属性赋一个字面值 -->
<property name="city" value="#{'beijint'}"></property>
<property name="street" value="WuDaoKou"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="car" class="com.coslay.beans.spel.Car">
<property name="brand" value="Audi"></property>
<property name="price" value="5000000"></property>
<!-- 使用SpEL引用类的静态属性 -->
<property name="tyrePerimeter" value="#{T(java.lang.Math).PI * 80}"></property>
</bean>
<bean id="person" class="com.coslay.beans.spel.Person">
<!-- 使用 SpEL来引用其他的Bean -->
<property name="car" value="#{car}"></property>
<!-- 使用SpEL来引用其他的Bean的属性 -->
<property name="city" value="#{address.city}"></property>
<!-- SpEL中使用运算符 -->
<property name="info" value="#{car.price > 300000 ? '金领' : '白领'}"></property>
<property name="name" value="Tom"></property>
</bean>
</beans>