构建Graph图常用技术

摘要：本篇文档主要讲述了Graph图构建过程中常用的技巧
主要的内容如下：

• 1如何根据CLSID向graph中添加filter
• 2如何查找filter空闲的pin
• 3如何连接两个Filter
• 4如何获得filter或者pin的接口指针
• 5如何查找和某个filter的上下相连的filter
• 6如何删除graph中的所有filter
• 7如何利用Capture Graph Builder构建Graph图表

1如何根据CLSID向graph中添加filter

下面的代码演示了如何利用CLSID生成一个filter，然后将其加入到graph图中

HRESULT AddFilterByCLSID(

  IGraphBuilder *pGraph, // Pointer to the Filter Graph Manager.

  const GUID& clsid, // CLSID of the filter to create.

  LPCWSTR wszName, // A name for the filter.

  IBaseFilter **ppF) // Receives a pointer to the filter.

  {

  if (!pGraph || ! ppF) return E_POINTER;

  *ppF = 0;

  IBaseFilter *pF = 0;

  HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(clsid, 0, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,

  IID_IBaseFilter, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pF));

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  hr = pGraph->AddFilter(pF, wszName);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  *ppF = pF;

  else

  pF->Release();

  }

  return hr;

  }

在你的应用程序中，你可以这样用这个函数

 IBaseFilter *pMux;

  hr = AddFilterByCLSID(pGraph, CLSID_AviDest, L"AVI Mux", &pMux); 
  

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  /* ... */

  pMux->Release();

  }

注：有些filter是不能通过with CoCreateInstance方法创建的。例如AVI Compressor Filter和WDM Video Capture filter

2如何查找filter空闲的pin

看代码把

HRESULT GetUnconnectedPin(

  IBaseFilter *pFilter, // Pointer to the filter.

  PIN_DIRECTION PinDir, // Direction of the pin to find.

  IPin **ppPin) // Receives a pointer to the pin.

  {

  *ppPin = 0;

  IEnumPins *pEnum = 0;

  IPin *pPin = 0;

  HRESULT hr = pFilter->EnumPins(&pEnum);

  if (FAILED(hr))

  {

  return hr;

  }

  while (pEnum->Next(1, &pPin, NULL) == S_OK)

  {

  PIN_DIRECTION ThisPinDir;

  pPin->QueryDirection(&ThisPinDir);

  if (ThisPinDir == PinDir)

  {

  IPin *pTmp = 0;

  hr = pPin->ConnectedTo(&pTmp);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) // Already connected, not the pin we want.

  {

  pTmp->Release();

  }

  else // Unconnected, 这就是我们想要的pin，空闲的pin

  {

  pEnum->Release();

  *ppPin = pPin;

  return S_OK;

  }

  }

  pPin->Release();

  }

  pEnum->Release();

  // Did not find a matching pin.

  return E_FAIL;

  }

  

下面的代码演示了如何利用上面的函数来在一个filter查找一个输出的空闲的pin。

 IPin *pOut = NULL;

  HRESULT hr = GetUnconnectedPin(pFilter, PINDIR_OUTPUT, &pOut);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  /* ... */

  pOut->Release();

  }

3如何连接两个Filter

下面的函数演示了如何将一个filter的输出pin和另一个filter的第一个空闲的输入pin进行连接。

 HRESULT ConnectFilters(

  IGraphBuilder *pGraph, // Filter Graph Manager.

  IPin *pOut, // Output pin on the upstream filter.

  IBaseFilter *pDest) // Downstream filter.

  {

  if ((pGraph == NULL) || (pOut == NULL) || (pDest == NULL))

  {

  return E_POINTER;

  }

  #ifdef debug

  PIN_DIRECTION PinDir;

  pOut->QueryDirection(&PinDir);

  _ASSERTE(PinDir == PINDIR_OUTPUT);

  #endif
 //找一个空闲的输入pin

  IPin *pIn = 0;

  HRESULT hr = GetUnconnectedPin(pDest, PINDIR_INPUT, &pIn);

  if (FAILED(hr))

  {

  return hr;

  }

  // Try to connect them.

  hr = pGraph->Connect(pOut, pIn);

  pIn->Release();

  return hr;

  }

  

下面是ConnectFilters的一个重载函数，但是第二个参数是一个指向filter的指针，而不是指向pin的指针，这个函数将两个filter连接起来。

HRESULT ConnectFilters(

  IGraphBuilder *pGraph, 

  IBaseFilter *pSrc, 

  IBaseFilter *pDest)

  {

  if ((pGraph == NULL) || (pSrc == NULL) || (pDest == NULL))

  {

  return E_POINTER;

  }
 // 首先在第一个filter上查询一个输出的pin接口

  IPin *pOut = 0;

  HRESULT hr = GetUnconnectedPin(pSrc, PINDIR_OUTPUT, &pOut);

  if (FAILED(hr)) 

  {

  return hr;

  }

  //然后将它和第二个filter的输入接口衔接。

  hr = ConnectFilters(pGraph, pOut, pDest);

  pOut->Release();

  return hr;

  }

  

下面的函数演示了利用这个函数来连接AVIMux 过滤器和File Writer过滤器，这个例子也使用了AddFilterByCLSID函数。

 IBaseFilter *pMux, *pWrite;

  hr = AddFilterByCLSID(pGraph, CLSID_AviDest, L"AVI Mux", &pMux);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  hr = AddFilterByCLSID(pGraph, CLSID_FileWriter, L"File Writer", &pWrite);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  hr = ConnectFilters(pGraph, pMux, pWrite);

  /* Use IFileSinkFilter to set the file name (not shown). */

  pWrite->Release();

  }

  pMux->Release();

  }

  

4如何获得filter或者pin的接口指针

一般来说，我们都是通过Filter图表管理器来进行一些操作，但是，有时候，我们也直接调用filter或者pin的一些方法，因此，我们需要获取filter或pin的接口指针。
对于filter的接口指针，可以通过IEnumFilters来枚举filter的指针，看下面的代码把

HRESULT FindFilterInterface(

  IGraphBuilder *pGraph, // Pointer to the Filter Graph Manager.

  REFGUID iid, // IID of the interface to retrieve.

  void **ppUnk) // Receives the interface pointer.

  {

  if (!pGraph || !ppUnk) return E_POINTER;
 HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;

  IEnumFilters *pEnum = NULL;

  IBaseFilter *pF = NULL;

  if (FAILED(pGraph->EnumFilters(&pEnum)))

  {

  return E_FAIL;

  }

  // Query every filter for the interface.

  while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pF, 0))

  {

  hr = pF->QueryInterface(iid, ppUnk);

  pF->Release();

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  break;

  }

  }

  pEnum->Release();

  return hr;

  }

  

用IEnumPins来获得pin的接口指针，其实就是枚举哦

 HRESULT FindPinInterface(

  IBaseFilter *pFilter, // Pointer to the filter to search.

  REFGUID iid, // IID of the interface.

  void **ppUnk) // Receives the interface pointer.

  {

  if (!pFilter || !ppUnk) return E_POINTER;
 HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;

  IEnumPins *pEnum = 0;

  if (FAILED(pFilter->EnumPins(&pEnum)))

  {

  return E_FAIL;

  }

  // Query every pin for the interface.

  IPin *pPin = 0;

  while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pPin, 0))

  {

  hr = pPin->QueryInterface(iid, ppUnk);

  pPin->Release();

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  break;

  }

  }

  pEnum->Release();

  return hr;

  }

  

下面的代码演示了如何搜索任意的filter和pin的接口

 HRESULT FindInterfaceAnywhere(

  IGraphBuilder *pGraph, 

  REFGUID iid, 

  void **ppUnk)

  {

  if (!pGraph || !ppUnk) return E_POINTER;

  HRESULT hr = E_FAIL;

  IEnumFilters *pEnum = 0;

  if (FAILED(pGraph->EnumFilters(&pEnum)))

  {

  return E_FAIL;

  }

  // Loop through every filter in the graph.

  IBaseFilter *pF = 0;

  while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pF, 0))

  {

  hr = pF->QueryInterface(iid, ppUnk);

  if (FAILED(hr))

  {

  // The filter does not expose the interface, but maybe

  // one of its pins does. //调用的是上面的搜索pin的函数

  hr = FindPinInterface(pF, iid, ppUnk);

  }

  pF->Release();

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  break;

  }

  }

  pEnum->Release();

  return hr;

  }

   

5如何查找和某个filter的上下相连的filter

给你一个filter，你可以沿着graph图找到和它相联结的filter。首先枚举filter的pin，检查每一个pin是否有其他的pin的和它连接，如果有就检查连接pin属于哪个filter，你可以通过输入pin检查上游的filter，通过输出pin来检查下游的filter。
下面的函数返回上游或者下游的和本filter连接的filter，只要有一个match，就返回。

 // Get the first upstream or downstream filter

  HRESULT GetNextFilter(

  IBaseFilter *pFilter, // 开始的filter

  PIN_DIRECTION Dir, // 搜索的方向 (upstream 还是 downstream)

  IBaseFilter **ppNext) // Receives a pointer to the next filter.

  {

  if (!pFilter || !ppNext) return E_POINTER;
 IEnumPins *pEnum = 0;

  IPin *pPin = 0;

  HRESULT hr = pFilter->EnumPins(&pEnum);

  if (FAILED(hr)) return hr;

  while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pPin, 0))

  {

  // See if this pin matches the specified direction.

  PIN_DIRECTION ThisPinDir;

  hr = pPin->QueryDirection(&ThisPinDir);

  if (FAILED(hr))

  {

  // Something strange happened.

  hr = E_UNEXPECTED;

  pPin->Release();

  break;

  }

  if (ThisPinDir == Dir)

  {

  // Check if the pin is connected to another pin.

  IPin *pPinNext = 0;

  hr = pPin->ConnectedTo(&pPinNext);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  // Get the filter that owns that pin.

  PIN_INFO PinInfo;

  hr = pPinNext->QueryPinInfo(&PinInfo);

  pPinNext->Release();

  pPin->Release();

  pEnum->Release();

  if (FAILED(hr) || (PinInfo.pFilter == NULL))

  {

  // Something strange happened.

  return E_UNEXPECTED;

  }

  // This is the filter we're looking for.

  *ppNext = PinInfo.pFilter; // Client must release.

  return S_OK;

  }

  }

  pPin->Release();

  }

  pEnum->Release();

  // Did not find a matching filter.

  return E_FAIL;

  }

  下面演示如何使用这个函数

  IBaseFilter *pF; // Pointer to some filter.

  IBaseFilter *pUpstream = NULL;

  if (SUCCEEDED(GetNextFilter(pF, PINDIR_INPUT, &pUpstream)))

  {

  // Use pUpstream ...

  pUpstream->Release();

  }
  

但是，一个filter可能在某个方向同时连接着两个或者更多个filter，例如一个分割filter，就有好几个filter与之相联。 因此，你可能想将所有的filter通过一个集合都搜集到。下面的例子代码就演示了如何通过CGenericList结构来实现这个方法。

 #include <streams.h> // Link to the DirectShow base class library

  // Define a typedef for a list of filters.

  typedef CGenericList<IBaseFilter> CFilterList;
// Forward declaration. Adds a filter to the list unless it's a duplicate.

  void AddFilterUnique(CFilterList &FilterList, IBaseFilter *pNew);
// Find all the immediate upstream or downstream peers of a filter.

  HRESULT GetPeerFilters(

  IBaseFilter *pFilter, // Pointer to the starting filter

  PIN_DIRECTION Dir, // Direction to search (upstream or downstream)

  CFilterList &FilterList) // Collect the results in this list.

  {

  if (!pFilter) return E_POINTER;
 IEnumPins *pEnum = 0;

  IPin *pPin = 0;

  HRESULT hr = pFilter->EnumPins(&pEnum);

  if (FAILED(hr)) return hr;

  while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pPin, 0))

  {

  // See if this pin matches the specified direction.

  PIN_DIRECTION ThisPinDir;

  hr = pPin->QueryDirection(&ThisPinDir);

  if (FAILED(hr))

  {

  // Something strange happened.

  hr = E_UNEXPECTED;

  pPin->Release();

  break;

  }

  if (ThisPinDir == Dir)

  {

  // Check if the pin is connected to another pin.

  IPin *pPinNext = 0;

  hr = pPin->ConnectedTo(&pPinNext);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  // Get the filter that owns that pin.

  PIN_INFO PinInfo;

  hr = pPinNext->QueryPinInfo(&PinInfo);

  pPinNext->Release();

  if (FAILED(hr) || (PinInfo.pFilter == NULL))

  {

  // Something strange happened.

  pPin->Release();

  pEnum->Release();

  return E_UNEXPECTED;

  }

  // 将符合的filter添加到list中

  AddFilterUnique(FilterList, PinInfo.pFilter);

  PinInfo.pFilter->Release();

  }

  }

  pPin->Release();

  }

  pEnum->Release();

  return S_OK;

  }

  void AddFilterUnique(CFilterList &FilterList, IBaseFilter *pNew)

  {

  if (pNew == NULL) return;
 POSITION pos = FilterList.GetHeadPosition();

  while (pos)

  {

  IBaseFilter *pF = FilterList.GetNext(pos);

  if (IsEqualObject(pF, pNew))

  {

  return;

  }

  }

  pNew->AddRef(); // The caller must release everything in the list.

  FilterList.AddTail(pNew);

  }

  

如何应用上面的函数呢？看看下面就知道了撒

IBaseFilter *pF; // Pointer to some filter.

  CFilterList FList(NAME("MyList")); // List to hold the downstream 
  peers.

  hr = GetPeerFilters(pF, PINDIR_OUTPUT, FList);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) //解析filter 的集合。

  {

  POSITION pos = FList.GetHeadPosition();

  while (pos)

  {

  IBaseFilter *pDownstream = FList.GetNext(pos);

  pDownstream->Release();

  }

  }

  

6如何删除graph中的所有filter

很简单的，采用IFilterGraph::RemoveFilter函数

 // Stop the graph.

  pControl->Stop();
// Enumerate the filters in the graph.

  IEnumFilters *pEnum = NULL;

  HRESULT hr = pGraph->EnumFilters(&pEnum);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  IBaseFilter *pFilter = NULL;

  while (S_OK == pEnum->Next(1, &pFilter, NULL))

  {

  // Remove the filter.

  pGraph->RemoveFilter(pFilter);

  // Reset the enumerator.

  pEnum->Reset();

  pFilter->Release();

  }

  pEnum->Release();

  }

  

7如何利用Capture Graph Builder构建Graph图表

Capture Graph Builder可以用来构建大多数的filter图表，并不仅仅是捕捉graph。本文简单介绍了如何利用Capture Graph Builder来构建graph。
Capture Graph Builder暴露了ICaptureGraphBuilder2接口指针，首先创建一个capture builder，和一个filter图表管理器对象，然后用图表管理器对象指针初始化Capture Graph Builder。代码如下：

IGraphBuilder *pGraph = NULL;

  ICaptureGraphBuilder2 *pBuilder = NULL;
// Create the Filter Graph Manager.

  HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_FilterGraph, NULL,

  CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IGraphBuilder, (void **)&pGraph);
if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  // Create the Capture Graph Builder.

  hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_CaptureGraphBuilder2, NULL,

  CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_ICaptureGraphBuilder2, 

  (void **)&pBuilder);

  if (SUCCEEDED(hr))

  {

  pBuilder->SetFiltergraph (pGraph);

  }

  };

  

连接filter
ICaptureGraphBuilder2::RenderStream方法可以同时将两个或者三个filter连接成一个链（chain）。通常情况下，当每个filter只有一个输出pin和一个输入pin时，这个方法就才，适用。
我们现在先忽略前两个参数，第三个参数是一个IUnknown指针，指向一个filter或者输出pin。第五，六个参数指向IBaseFilter指针。RenderStream就将三个filter连接成一个链。例如，假设A，B，C 是三个filter，每个filter只有一个输出pin和一个输入pin。
下面的代码可以将B连接到A上，将B连接到C上。
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, A, B, C)
所有的连接都是智能化的，如果是将两个filter相连，你可以将中间的参数设置为NULL，
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, A, NULL, C)
你也可以调用两次这个函数创建一个更长的链条。
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, A, B, C)
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, C, D, E)
如果最后的一个参数设置为NULL，这个方法就自动的为graph设置一个renderer filter。如果是视频就设置成Video Renderer，如果是音频就设置为DirectSoundRenderer。因此
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, A, NULL, NULL)
等价于
RenderStream(NULL, NULL, A, NULL, R)
这里R指的是Render Filter。
如果你在第三个参数指定的是filter，而不是pin，你就要在第一二个参数里指定使用那个输出pin用于连接。
第一个参数只适用于捕捉filter，它指定pin的所属种类的GUID，具体的设置可以参考Pin Property Set.，但是下面的两个种类对于所有的filter都有效。
PIN_CATEGORY_CAPTURE
PIN_CATEGORY_PREVIEW
如果捕捉filter不支持捕捉和预览，RenderStream方法就增加一个Smart Tee来分割数据流。
如果播放文件，要将捕捉filter和一个mux filter连接起来，
第二个参数指明了媒体类型
MEDIATYPE_Audio
MEDIATYPE_Video
MEDIATYPE_Interleaved (DV)
查询filter和pin的接口指针
当你建立一个graph后，也许你需要查询graph中的filter和pin暴露的接口指针。例如，一个捕捉filter也许暴露了IAMDroppedFrames接口，它的输出pin也许暴露了IAMStreamConfig接口。
查询接口最简单地方法就是使用ICaptureGraphBuilder2::FindInterface方法。这个方法遍历整个graph的filter和pin，直到他找到合适的filter。你可以指定开始的filter，然后指定搜索的方向，（向上搜索还是向下搜索）
下面的代码在一个视频预览pin上搜索IAMStreamConfig接口

 IAMStreamConfig *pConfig = NULL;

  HRESULT hr = pBuild->FindInterface(

  &PIN_CATEGORY_PREVIEW, 

  &MEDIATYPE_Video,

  pVCap, 

  IID_IAMStreamConfig, 

  (void**)&pConfig

  );

  if (SUCCESSFUL(hr))

  {

  /* ... */

  pConfig->Release();

  }

  

查找pin
如果你需要在某个filter上查询某个接口，可以用ICaptureGraphBuilder2::FindPin方法，代码如下：

 IPin *pPin = NULL;

  hr = pBuild->FindPin(

  pCap, // Pointer to the filter to search.

  PINDIR_OUTPUT, // Search for an output pin.

  &PIN_CATEGORY_PREVIEW, // Search for a preview pin.

  &MEDIATYPE_Video, // Search for a video pin.

  TRUE, // The pin must be unconnected. 

  0, // Return the first matching pin (index 0).

  &pPin); // This variable receives the IPin pointer.

  if (SUCCESSFUL(hr))

  {

  /* ... */

  pPin->Release();

  }