在软件构建构成中,一个请求可能被多个对象处理,但是每个请求在运行时只能有一个接收者,如果显示指定,将必不可少地带来请求发送者与接收者的紧密耦合。COR(Chain of Reposibility)设计模式可以使请求的发送者不需要指定具体的接收者,让请求的接收者自己在运行时决定来处理请求,从而使两者解耦。
使多个对象都有机会处理请求,从而避免请求的发送者和接收者之间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成一条链,并沿着这条链传递请求,直到有一个对象对应它为止。
“Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than on e object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it.” - GoF
实例解析
例如就拿我们工作中的事情来说,就拿报销来说,一个组长的审批权力为500元及其以下,他都可以处理这些报销请求,当超过500元时候,他就没有权利审批了,就需要到部门经理那里了,经理可以审批5000元及其以下,如果超过5000元就需要找公司副经理了,他可以审批50000元及其以下了,当超过50000元,就需要找公司经理来审批了,这里假定是500000元,好吧你如果说超过了5000000元,怎么办?我想国内还没有公司愿意为你报500000元,再说你自己也不愿意拿500000元出来先垫着。好了这里不考虑超过500000元的情况,那么我们通过责任链模式来实现这一场景吧。
那么先做一个表格
级别 | 权限 |
组长 | 500元 |
部门经理 | 5000元 |
公司副经理 | 50000元 |
公司经理 | 500000元 |
#include <iostream> class Request { public: Request(double m) :money(m) {}; double getMoney(){return money;} private: double money; }; class IHandle { public: IHandle(IHandle *p) :nextHandle(p) {} virtual bool IsAuthority(Request r)=0; virtual void doHandle(Request r)=0; protected: IHandle * nextHandle; }; class headmanHandle:public IHandle { public: headmanHandle(IHandle *p) :IHandle(p) {} bool IsAuthority(Request r); void doHandle(Request r); }; bool headmanHandle::IsAuthority(Request r) { if(r.getMoney()>500)return false; else return true; } void headmanHandle::doHandle(Request r) { if(IsAuthority(r)) { std::cout<<"The headman do the request,which the request money is"<<r.getMoney()<<std::endl; } else { nextHandle->doHandle(r); } } class DepartmentMHandle:public IHandle { public: DepartmentMHandle(IHandle *p) :IHandle(p) {} bool IsAuthority(Request r); void doHandle(Request r); }; bool DepartmentMHandle::IsAuthority(Request r) { if(r.getMoney()>5000)return false; else return true; } void DepartmentMHandle::doHandle(Request r) { if(IsAuthority(r)) { std::cout<<"The department manager do the request,which the request money is"<<r.getMoney()<<std::endl; } else { nextHandle->doHandle(r); } } class CompanyDMHandle:public IHandle { public: CompanyDMHandle(IHandle *p) :IHandle(p) {} bool IsAuthority(Request r); void doHandle(Request r); }; bool CompanyDMHandle::IsAuthority(Request r) { if(r.getMoney()>50000)return false; else return true; } void CompanyDMHandle::doHandle(Request r) { if(IsAuthority(r)) { std::cout<<"The company deputy manager do the request,which the request money is"<<r.getMoney()<<std::endl; } else { nextHandle->doHandle(r); } } class CompanyMHandle:public IHandle { public: CompanyMHandle(IHandle *p) :IHandle(p) {} bool IsAuthority(Request r); void doHandle(Request r); }; bool CompanyMHandle::IsAuthority(Request r) { if(r.getMoney()>500000)return false; else return true; } void CompanyMHandle::doHandle(Request r) { if(IsAuthority(r)) { std::cout<<"The company manager do the request,which the request money is "<<r.getMoney()<<std::endl; } else { std::cout<<"You are the boss of thie company!Because you use up"<<r.getMoney()<<std::endl; } } int main(int argc,char ** argv) { IHandle *p4=new CompanyMHandle(NULL); IHandle *p3=new CompanyDMHandle(p4); IHandle *p2=new DepartmentMHandle(p3); IHandle *p1=new headmanHandle(p2); Request r1(300); Request r2(3000); Request r3(30000); Request r4(300000); Request r5(3000000); p1->doHandle(r1); p1->doHandle(r2); p1->doHandle(r3); p1->doHandle(r4); p1->doHandle(r5); delete p1; delete p2; delete p3; delete p4; return 0; }
运行结果为
如果有兴趣可以继续浏览该系列文章:
singleton pattern--单件模式factory mothed pattern--工厂方法模式abstract factory pattern--抽象工厂模式builder pattern--建造者模式prototype pattern--原型模式adapter pattern--适配器模式bridge pattern -- 桥接模式composite pattern -- 组合模式decorator pattern -- 装饰模式decorator pattern -- 享元模式decorator pattern -- 代理模式decorator pattern -- 责任链模式