C语言学习笔记[第16天]

六、C控制语句： 循环

1. 再探 while 循环

/* summing.c -- 根据用户键入的整数求和 */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    long num;					
    long sum = 0L;			/* 把 sum 初始化为0 */
	int status;
    
    printf("Please enter an integer to be summed ");
    printf("(q to quit): ");
    status = scanf("%ld", &num);
    while (status == 1)		/* == 的意思是“等于”	*/
    {
        sum = sum+ num;
        printf("Please enter next integer (q to quit):");
        status = scanf("%ld", &num);
    }
    printf("Those integers sum to %ld.\n", sum);
    
    return 0;
}
//Please enter an integer to be summed (q to quit): 44
//Please enter next integer (q to quit):33
//Please enter next integer (q to quit):88
//Please enter next integer (q to quit):121
//Please enter next integer (q to quit):q
//Those integers sum to 286.

1.1 程序注释

获得第1个用于测试的值
当测试为真时
    处理值
    获取下一个值

1.2 C风格读取循环

status = scanf("ld", &num);
while (status == 1)
{
    /* 循环行为 */
    status = scanf("%ld", &num);
}
可以替换：
while (scanf("ld", &num) == 1)
{
    /* 循环行为 */
}
意为：
当获取值和判断值都成功
    处理该值

2. while 语句

while循环的通用形式如下：
while (expression)
    statement

2.1 终止 while 循环

index = 1;
while (index < 5)
    printf("Good morning!\n");
//程序将打印无数次Good morning!

2.2 何为终止循环

// when.c -- 何时退出循环
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int n = 5;
    
    while (n < 7)					// 第 7 行
    {
        printf("n = %d\n", n);
        n++;						// 第 10 行
        printf("Now n = %d\n", n);	// 第 11 行
    }
    printf("The loop has finished.\n");
    
    return 0;
}
//n = 5
//Now n = 6
//n = 6
//Now n = 7
//The loop has finished.

2.3 while: 入口条件循环

//进入循环有条件
index = 10;
while (index++ < 5)
    printf("Have a fair day or better.\n");
//第一行改为：
//index = 3;

2.4 语法要点

​ ■使用while时，要牢记一点：只有在测试条件后面的单独语句（简单语句或复合语句）才是循环部分。

/* whilel.c -- 注意花括号的使用 */
/* 糟糕的代码创建了一个无限循环 */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int n = 0;
    
    while (n < 3)
        printf("n is %d\n", n);
    	n++;
    printf("That's all this program does.\n");
          
    return 0;
}
//n is 0
//n is 0
//n is 0
//n is 0
//...
//由于while没加花括号，while只识别了printf，n++不在循环中，所有n的值一直是0，无限循环打印。

​ ■要注意放置分号的位置

/* while2.c -- 注意花括号的使用 */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
    int n = 0;
    
    while (n++ < 3);			/* 第 7 行 */
        printf("n is %d\n", n);	/* 第 8 行 */
    printf("That's all this program does.\n");
          
    return 0;
}
//n is 4
//That's all this program does
//分号使用不当
while (scanf("%d", &num) == 1)
	; /* 跳过整数输入 */
//为了提高代码的可读性，应该让这个分号独占一行