转载:http://blog.csdn.net/innost/article/details/6041412
ANDROID搞了大概5个月了,总感觉到它的这个java封装非常的不爽。这次下载了Froyo的源码,准备好好分析下Android的运行流程。一直有个暗想--能否替换掉JAVA层?搞android最麻烦的就是老记不住它那几个文件的位置,这里将给出详细的路径,方便其他看客了解。
没有固定的顺序,不过大概就是从启动开始的一些东西吧。我的想法是对android了解越多,才越可能在此基础上做最好最完善的改动。真的很不喜欢它的java层。
一 用户空间init
我这里不分析linux启动的那第一个程序init。
init代码在/system/core/init/init.c。感兴趣的可从main函数开始分析
android的其他重要进程都是init加载init.rc配置文件来fork的。其中,最重要的init.rc位于source/system/core/rootdir下。
init.rc有它特有的语法,可google一下就知道了。
二 zygote的诞生
zygote程序是有app_process弄出来的,app_process的启动在init.rc中有对应行。
service zygote /system/bin/app_process -Xzygote /system/bin --zygote --start-system-server
//第一个zygote是这个服务的名字,实际启动的程序位于system/bin下的app_process,后面是这个程序的启动参数
socket zygote stream 666
//这个表示init将创建一个unix域的socket,666是rwx的读写执行权限。
onrestart write /sys/android_power/request_state wake
onrestart write /sys/power/state on
onrestart restart media
其中,app_process位于/frameworks/base/cmds/app_process/app_main.cpp中。
下面分析它的mian函数。
- int main(int argc, const char* const argv[])
- {
- //argc = 5
- //argv=["/system/bin/app_process" "-Xzygote" "/system/bin" "--zygote" "--start-system-server"]
- // These are global variables in ProcessState.cpp
- mArgC = argc; //全局变量
- mArgV = argv; //全局变量
- mArgLen = 0;
- for (int i=0; i<argc; i++) {
- mArgLen += strlen(argv[i]) + 1;
- }
- mArgLen--;
- AppRuntime runtime;//定义AppRuntime
- const char *arg;
- const char *argv0;
- argv0 = argv[0]; //argv0="/system/bin/app_process"
- // Process command line arguments
- // ignore argv[0]
- argc--;
- argv++;
- // Everything up to '--' or first non '-' arg goes to the vm
- int i = runtime.addVmArguments(argc, argv);//将参数加到虚拟机,待会分析,应该是把-Xzygote加入虚拟机了
- // Next arg is parent directory
- if (i < argc) {
- runtime.mParentDir = argv[i++]; //设置父目录为/system/bin
- }
- //
- // Next arg is startup classname or "--zygote"
- if (i < argc) {
- arg = argv[i++];
- if (0 == strcmp("--zygote", arg)) {
- bool startSystemServer = (i < argc) ?
- strcmp(argv[i], "--start-system-server") == 0 : false;//正常情况是true
- setArgv0(argv0, "zygote");
- set_process_name("zygote");
- runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit",
- startSystemServer);//启动java的zygoteInit
- } else {
- set_process_name(argv0);
- runtime.mClassName = arg;
- // Remainder of args get passed to startup class main()
- runtime.mArgC = argc-i;
- runtime.mArgV = argv+i;
- LOGV("App process is starting with pid=%d, class=%s./n",
- getpid(), runtime.getClassName());
- runtime.start();
- }
- } else {
- LOG_ALWAYS_FATAL("app_process: no class name or --zygote supplied.");
- fprintf(stderr, "Error: no class name or --zygote supplied./n");
- app_usage();
- return 10;
- }
- }
从上面代码注释可以看出,很多工作都交给了Runtime对象来处理,这个runtime对象也是在这个cpp文件中定义的。我们来看一下。
- class AppRuntime : public AndroidRuntime //基类是AndroidRuntime,待会分析下是干嘛的
- {
- public:
- AppRuntime()
- : mParentDir(NULL)
- , mClassName(NULL)
- , mArgC(0)
- , mArgV(NULL)
- {
- }
- #if 0
- // this appears to be unused
- const char* getParentDir() const
- {
- return mParentDir;
- }
- #endif
- const char* getClassName() const
- {
- return mClassName;
- }
- virtual void onStarted() //下面几个onXXX应该是回调用的,可能是JNI回调
- {
- sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
- if (proc->supportsProcesses()) {
- LOGV("App process: starting thread pool./n");
- proc->startThreadPool();
- }
- app_init(mClassName, mArgC, mArgV);
- if (ProcessState::self()->supportsProcesses()) {
- IPCThreadState::self()->stopProcess();
- }
- }
- virtual void onZygoteInit()
- {
- sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
- if (proc->supportsProcesses()) {
- LOGV("App process: starting thread pool./n");
- proc->startThreadPool();
- }
- }
- virtual void onExit(int code)
- {
- if (mClassName == NULL) {
- // if zygote
- if (ProcessState::self()->supportsProcesses()) {
- IPCThreadState::self()->stopProcess();
- }
- }
- AndroidRuntime::onExit(code);
- }
- const char* mParentDir;
- const char* mClassName;
- int mArgC;
- const char* const* mArgV;
- };
- }
其中,基类AndroidRuntime.h在frameworks/base/include/android_runtime/AndroidRuntime.h中定义。大概看看里边都定义了些什么。
- namespace android {
- //这个类是与java虚拟机交互的一个类。
- //估计java虚拟机由它启动了
- class AndroidRuntime
- {
- public:
- AndroidRuntime();
- virtual ~AndroidRuntime();
- /**
- * Register a set of methods in the specified class.
- */
- static int registerNativeMethods(JNIEnv* env,
- const char* className, const JNINativeMethod* gMethods, int numMethods);
- /**
- * Call a static Java function that takes no arguments and returns void.
- */
- status_t callStatic(const char* className, const char* methodName);
- /**
- * Call a class's static main method with the given arguments,
- */
- status_t callMain(const char* className, int argc, const char* const argv[]);
- /**
- * Find a class, with the input either of the form
- * "package/class" or "package.class".
- */
- static jclass findClass(JNIEnv* env, const char* className);
- int addVmArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[]);
- void start(const char *classname, const bool startSystemServer);
- void start(); // start in android.util.RuntimeInit
- static AndroidRuntime* getRuntime();
- /**
- * This gets called after the JavaVM has initialized. Override it
- * with the system's native entry point.
- */
- virtual void onStarted() = 0;
- /**
- * This gets called after the JavaVM has initialized after a Zygote
- * fork. Override it to initialize threads, etc. Upon return, the
- * correct static main will be invoked.
- */
- virtual void onZygoteInit() {};
- /**
- * Called when the Java application exits. The default
- * implementation calls exit(code).
- */
- virtual void onExit(int code);
- /** create a new thread that is visible from Java */
- static void createJavaThread(const char* name, void (*start)(void *),
- void* arg);
- /** return a pointer to the VM running in this process */
- static JavaVM* getJavaVM() { return mJavaVM; }
- /** return a pointer to the JNIEnv pointer for this thread */
- static JNIEnv* getJNIEnv();
- private:
- static int startReg(JNIEnv* env);
- int startVm(JavaVM** pJavaVM, JNIEnv** pEnv);
- Vector<JavaVMOption> mOptions;
- /* JNI JavaVM pointer */
- static JavaVM* mJavaVM;
- /*
- * Thread creation helpers.
- */
- static int javaCreateThreadEtc(
- android_thread_func_t entryFunction,
- void* userData,
- const char* threadName,
- int32_t threadPriority,
- size_t threadStackSize,
- android_thread_id_t* threadId);
- static int javaThreadShell(void* args);
- };
- // Returns the Unix file descriptor for a ParcelFileDescriptor object
- extern int getParcelFileDescriptorFD(JNIEnv* env, jobject object);
- }
AndroidRuntime类主要是和java打交道,而且好像只能由framework调用才能起作用,一般我自己的jni库都不用AndroidRuntime里边定义的方便函数,虽然都是static。原因如下(必须看看它的实现文件才知道原因)
- //看来系统有一个全局的mJavaVM
- JavaVM* AndroidRuntime::mJavaVM = NULL;
- //整个系统范围内,第一次调用构造函数的应该就是在app_process中的吧?!
- AndroidRuntime::AndroidRuntime()
- {
- SkGraphics::Init();
- // this sets our preference for 16bit images during decode
- // in case the src is opaque and 24bit
- SkImageDecoder::SetDeviceConfig(SkBitmap::kRGB_565_Config);
- // This cache is shared between browser native images, and java "purgeable"
- // bitmaps. This globalpool is for images that do not either use the java
- // heap, or are not backed by ashmem. See BitmapFactory.cpp for the key
- // java call site.
- SkImageRef_GlobalPool::SetRAMBudget(512 * 1024);
- // There is also a global font cache, but its budget is specified in code
- // see SkFontHost_android.cpp
- // Pre-allocate enough space to hold a fair number of options.
- mOptions.setCapacity(20);
- assert(gCurRuntime == NULL); // one per process
- gCurRuntime = this;
- }
- //刚才那几个onXXX函数就是在这里调用的,估计是java层调用的
- static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_finishInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
- {
- gCurRuntime->onStarted();
- }
- static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_zygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
- {
- gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
- }
- static jint com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_isComputerOn(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
- {
- return 1;
- }
- static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_turnComputerOn(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
- {
- }
- static jint com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_getQwertyKeyboard(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
- {
- char* value = getenv("qwerty");
- if (value != NULL && strcmp(value, "true") == 0) {
- return 1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
- //略去一些
- int AndroidRuntime::addVmArguments(int argc, const char* const argv[])
- {
- int i;
- for (i = 0; i<argc; i++) {
- if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
- return i;
- }
- if (argv[i][1] == '-' && argv[i][2] == 0) {
- return i+1;
- }
- //此时虚拟机还没有起来,先把这些options保存起来
- JavaVMOption opt;
- memset(&opt, 0, sizeof(opt));
- opt.optionString = (char*)argv[i];
- mOptions.add(opt);
- }
- return i;
- }
该cpp位置在/frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp中。
回到app_process的main中,此处已运到到runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", startSystemServer)这句话来了,应进去看看start到底干了什么。
说来说去,不如看代码分析。