设计模式（一）state模式

设计模式（一）state模式

什么是state模式？

在实验三中计划项有多种状态，而且对于不同计划项，其状态也有所不同，如果直接使用判断语句来进行状态的变化，写出的代码回非常臃肿，复用性和扩展性很差。对于这种状态比较多的情况，我们就要使用state模式。所谓state模式，就是允许对象在内部状态发生改变时改变自己行为的模式。如果代码中含有大量的与对象状态有关的if-else判断语句时，我们可以考虑使用状态模式。

状态模式有什么优点？

1.避免大量使用判断语句，可以使代码简洁，易读

2.将所有的与状态有关的行为都放在一个类中，便于增加新的状态。

3封装了转换规则

4复用性强，可以让多个环境同时使用一种状态。

状态模式的实现

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下面来看一个例子

以酒店预订房间为例，房间状态有空闲，预订，入住

状态接口

public interface State
{
    public void bookRoom();
    public void unsubscribeRoom();
    public void checkInRoom();
    public void checkOutRoom();
} 

空闲状态

public class FreeTimeState implements State
{
    private Room hotelManagement;

    public FreeTimeState(Room hotelManagement)
    {
        this.hotelManagement = hotelManagement;
    }
    @Override
    public void bookRoom()
    {
        System.out.println("您已经预定成功了！");
        this.hotelManagement.setState(this.hotelManagement.getBookedState());
    }

    @Override
    public void unsubscribeRoom()
    {
    }

    @Override
    public void checkInRoom()
    {
        System.out.println("您已经入住了！");
        this.hotelManagement.setState(this.hotelManagement.getCheckInState());
    }

    @Override
    public void checkOutRoom()
    {
    }
}

入住状态

public class CheckInState implements State
{
    private Room hotelManagement;

    public CheckInState(Room hotelManagement)
    {
        this.hotelManagement = hotelManagement;
    }
    @Override
    public void bookRoom()
    {
        System.out.println("该房间已经入住了");
    }

    @Override
    public void unsubscribeRoom()
    {
    }

    @Override
    public void checkInRoom()
    {
        System.out.println("该房间已经入住了");
    }

    @Override
    public void checkOutRoom()
    {
        System.out.println("退房成功");
        this.hotelManagement.setState(this.hotelManagement.getFreeTimeState());
    }
}

预订状态

public class BookedState implements State
{
    private Room hotelManagement;

    public BookedState(Room hotelManagement)
    {
        this.hotelManagement = hotelManagement;
    }

    @Override
    public void bookRoom()
    {
        System.out.println("该房间已经预定了");
    }

    @Override
    public void unsubscribeRoom()
    {
        System.out.println("成功退订");
        this.hotelManagement.setState(this.hotelManagement.getFreeTimeState());
    }

    @Override
    public void checkInRoom()
    {
        System.out.println("入住成功");
        this.hotelManagement.setState(this.hotelManagement.getCheckInState());
    }

    @Override
    public void checkOutRoom()
    {
    }
}

环境类（房间）

public class Room
{
    private State freeTimeState;
    private State checkInState;
    private State bookedState;

    private State state;

    public Room()
    {
        freeTimeState = new FreeTimeState(this);
        checkInState = new CheckInState(this);
        bookedState = new BookedState(this);
        state = freeTimeState;
    }

    public void bookRoom()
    {
        state.bookRoom();
    }
    public void unsubscribeRoom()
    {
        state.unsubscribeRoom();
    }
    public void checkInRoom()
    {
        state.checkInRoom();
    }
    public void checkOutRoom()
    {
        state.checkOutRoom();
    }

    public String toString()
    {
        return "该房间的状态是:"+getState().getClass().getName();
    }

    public State getFreeTimeState()
    {
        return freeTimeState;
    }

    public void setFreeTimeState(State freeTimeState)
    {
        this.freeTimeState = freeTimeState;
    }

    public State getCheckInState()
    {
        return checkInState;
    }

    public void setCheckInState(State checkInState)
    {
        this.checkInState = checkInState;
    }

    public State getBookedState()
    {
        return bookedState;
    }

    public void setBookedState(State bookedState)
    {
        this.bookedState = bookedState;
    }

    public State getState()
    {
        return state;
    }

    public void setState(State state)
    {
        this.state = state;
    }
}