absolute与float的兄弟关系:
- 都具有包裹性(父元素应用绝对定位后,父元素的宽度会收缩,但保持包裹住子元素的状态)
- 都具有破坏性(子元素应用绝对定位后,父元素的高度会塌陷)
absolute与relative:
- 当子元素只是浮动到父元素的左上角(left:0; top:0;)处时,父元素不必设置 position: relative; ,子元素直接设置 position: absolute; 就可以了
无依赖的absolute定位跟随性
:
* 不受relative限制的absolute定位,行为表现上前提是不使用top/right/bottom/left任何一个属性或使用auto作为值(即只是悬浮在原来位置的z轴的上方)
* 位置跟随 原来什么位置,绝对定位后还是在那个位置(但不包括float的情况,绝对定位会去浮动)
如果元素是block水平的,当应用了absolute绝对定位后,依然是换行显示的。(即前面的文字不会被挡住。IE8+支持,IE7的修复办法:在绝对定位外面套一层空div即可) 如果元素是inline/inline-block水平的,当应用了absolute绝对定位后,依然保持在前面文字的后面 (另外,在Chrome浏览器下,当元素设置了absolute定位后,再改变元素的display属性为inline/block时,页面不会重新渲染)
.scroll {
width: 500px; height: 300px;
margin: 200px auto 0;
margin-top: -webkit-calc(50vh - 150px);
margin-top: calc(50vh - 150px);
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 3px;
box-shadow: 0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,.35);
background-color: #fff;
overflow: auto;
}
.close {
position: absolute;
width: 34px; height: 34px;
margin: -17px 0 0 487px;
background: url(http://img.mukewang.com/5444835b000100ce00340075.png) no-repeat;
}
.close:hover {
background-position: 0 -41px;
}
img {
display: block;
margin: 10px;
}
<div class="scroll">
<a href="javascript:" class="close" title="关闭"></a>
<img src="http://img.mukewang.com/54447b06000171a002560191.jpg">
<img src="http://img.mukewang.com/54447f550001ccb002560191.jpg">
</div>
图标定位(无依赖绝对定位)
.icon-hot { position: absolute; width: 28px; height: 11px; margin: -6px 0 0 2px; background: url(http://img.mukewang.com/545304730001307300280011.gif); }
.icon-recom { position: absolute; line-height: 20px; padding: 0 5px; background-color: #f60; color: #fff; font-size: 12px; }
.icon-vip { position: absolute; width: 36px; height: 36px; margin-left: -36px; background: url(http://img.mukewang.com/5453048000015d8800360036.gif); text-indent: -9em; overflow: hidden; }
<div class="nav">
<h3 class="nav-list">
<a href="http://www.imooc.com/course/list" class="nav-a">课程</a>
</h3>
<h3 class="nav-list">
<a href="http://www.imooc.com/wenda" class="nav-a">问答</a>
</h3>
<h3 class="nav-list">
<a href="http://www.imooc.com/seek/index" class="nav-a">
求课<i class="icon-hot"></i>
</a>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="course">
<a href="http://www.imooc.com/view/121" class="course-list">
<div class="course-list-img">
<span class="icon-recom">推荐</span>
<img width="280" height="160" alt="分享:CSS深入理解之float浮动" src="http://img.mukewang.com/53d74f960001ae9d06000338-300-170.jpg"><!--
--><i class="icon-vip">vip</i>
此处的注释<!- - -->是为了使vip与img完美贴合,删除他俩之间的空隙
</div>
<h5 class="course-list-h">分享:CSS深入理解之float浮动</h5>
<div class="course-list-tips">
<span class="l">已完结</span>
<span class="r">3514人学习</span>
</div>
</a>
</div>
```
## 下拉框定位
![](http://cdn.sponges.cn/201802101705_483.png?imageView2/0/w/880/h/680)
`<ul>在<input>前,设置<ul>定位absolute定位,<input>坍缩到<ul>的位置。再用margring定位。`
```css
.course-search-input { width: 200px; line-height: 18px; padding: 10px; margin: 0; border: 0 none; font-size: 12px; font-family: inherit; float: left; }
.course-sidebar-result { display: none; position: absolute; width: 260px; margin: 39px 0 0 -1px; padding-left: 0; list-style-type: none; border: 1px solid #e6e8e9; background-color: #fff; box-shadow: 0px 1px 2px #d5d7d8; font-size: 12px; }
<div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div>
<div class="course-sidebar-search">
<ul id="result" class="course-sidebar-result">
<li><a href="http://www.imooc.com/view/121">分享:CSS深入理解之float浮动</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.imooc.com/view/118">案例:CSS圆角进化论</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.imooc.com/view/93">案例:CSS Sprite雪碧图应用</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.imooc.com/view/77">案例:CSS3 3D 特效</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.imooc.com/view/57">案例:如何用CSS进行网页布局</a></li>
</ul>
<input class="course-search-input" placeholder="课程搜索">
<a href="javascript:" class="course-search-btn">搜索</a>
</div>
```
https://www.imooc.com/code/4541
## 登陆注册
* `*`实现
![](http://cdn.sponges.cn/201802101726_764.png?imageView2/0/w/680/h/480)
* 文字溢出
![](http://cdn.sponges.cn/201802101729_538.png?imageView2/0/w/680/h/480)
* 图标对齐
![](http://cdn.sponges.cn/201802101730_385.png?imageView2/0/w/680/h/480)
## 脱离文档流 层级
![](http://cdn.sponges.cn/201802101736_55.png?imageView2/0/w/680/h/480)
## 全屏效果(拉伸效果)
![](http://cdn.sponges.cn/201802101741_440.png?imageView2/0/w/680/h/480)
![](http://cdn.sponges.cn/201802101741_564.png?imageView2/0/w/680/h/480)
```html
<title>没有宽度和高度声明实现的全屏自适应效果</title>
<style>
html, body { height: 100%; }
.overlay {
position: absolute;
left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
background-color: #000;
opacity: .5; filter: alpha(opacity=50);
}
</style>
<div class="overlay"></div>
<div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div>
优先级上 width/height设置的尺寸 大于 拉伸而来的尺寸
高度自适应九宫格
<style>
html, body { height: 100%; margin: 0; }
.page {
position: absolute;
left: 0; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
}
.list {
float: left;
height: 33.3%; width: 33.3%;
position: relative;
}
.list:before {
content: '';
position: absolute;
left: 10px; right: 10px; top: 10px; bottom: 10px;
border-radius: 10px;
background-color: #cad5eb;
}
.list:after {
content:attr(data-index);
position: absolute;
height: 30px;
left: 0; right: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0;
margin: auto;
text-align: center;
font: 24px/30px bold 'microsoft yahei';
}
</style>
<body>
<div class="page">
<div class="list" data-index="1"></div>
<div class="list" data-index="2"></div>
<div class="list" data-index="3"></div>
<div class="list" data-index="4"></div>
<div class="list" data-index="5"></div>
<div class="list" data-index="6"></div>
<div class="list" data-index="7"></div>
<div class="list" data-index="8"></div>
<div class="list" data-index="9"></div>
</div>
</body>
<div class="se-preview-section-delimiter"></div>
absolute与整体布局
、
demo https://www.imooc.com/code/5071
<style type="text/css">
html,
body {
margin: 0;
height: 100%;
}
.overlay,
.page {
position: absolute;
left: 0;
top: 0;
right: 0;
bottom: 0;
}
.header,
.aside,
.content,
.footer {
position: absolute;
}
.header,
.content,
.footer {
left: 0;
right: 0;
}
button {
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background-color: transparent;
border-width: 0;
outline: none;
}
.loader {
width: 1em;
height: 1em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-size: 50px;
text-indent: -9999em;
-webkit-animation: load 1.5s infinite ease;
animation: load 1.5s infinite ease;
border-radius: 50%;
overflow: hidden;
}
@keyframes load {
0% {
-webkit-transform: rotate(0deg);
transform: rotate(0deg);
box-shadow: -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.4em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.42em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.44em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.46em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.477em #ffffff;
}
5%,
95% {
box-shadow: -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.4em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.42em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.44em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.46em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.477em #ffffff;
}
30% {
box-shadow: -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.4em #ffffff, -0.51em -0.66em 0 -0.42em #ffffff, -0.75em -0.36em 0 -0.44em #ffffff, -0.83em -0.03em 0 -0.46em #ffffff, -0.81em 0.21em 0 -0.477em #ffffff;
}
55% {
box-shadow: -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.4em #ffffff, -0.29em -0.78em 0 -0.42em #ffffff, -0.43em -0.72em 0 -0.44em #ffffff, -0.52em -0.65em 0 -0.46em #ffffff, -0.57em -0.61em 0 -0.477em #ffffff;
}
100% {
-webkit-transform: rotate(360deg);
transform: rotate(360deg);
box-shadow: -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.4em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.42em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.44em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.46em #ffffff, -0.11em -0.83em 0 -0.477em #ffffff;
}
}
.overlay-theme {
background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);
z-index: 9;
}
.header {
top: 0;
height: 50px;
min-height: 50px;
background-color: royalblue;
}
.aside {
/* 宽度 24% 只是根据黄金分割算出来的一个数字,100 * 61.8% * 61.8% = 23.6% */
width: 24%;
top: 50px;
bottom: 50px;
background-color: lightseagreen;
}
.aside-left {
left: 0;
}
.aside-right {
right: 0;
}
.content {
top: 50px;
bottom: 50px;
background-color: gray;
overflow: auto;
}
.content-with-aside-left {
left: 24%;
}
.content-with-aside-right {
right: 24%;
}
.footer {
bottom: 0;
height: 50px;
min-height: 50px;
background-color: royalblue;
}
</style>
<div class="overlay overlay-theme">
<button><div class="loader">加载中...</div></button>
</div>
<div class="page">
<div class="header">header</div>
<div class="aside aside-left">aside left</div>
<div class="content content-with-aside-left content-with-aside-right">content</div>
<div class="aside aside-right">aside right</div>
<div class="footer">footer</div>
</div>