使用shelve对pyqt5以及matplotlib对象进行序列化与反序列化

一个对象生成的实例如果不能进行序列化，则需要对该类添加__setstate__方法和__getstate__方法

import shelve

import matplotlib
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QHBoxLayout, QVBoxLayout, QPushButton
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.figure import Figure

matplotlib.use("Qt5Agg")  # 声明使用QT5
matplotlib.rcParams['font.size'] = '8'
matplotlib.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"] = False  # 用来正常显示负号


class LJFigure(FigureCanvas):

    def __init__(self, width=8.27, height=11.69, dpi=100):
        # 第一步：创建一个创建Figure
        self.fig = Figure(figsize=(width, height), dpi=dpi)
        # 第二步：在父类中激活Figure窗口
        super(LJFigure, self).__init__(self.fig)  # 此句必不可少，否则不能显示图形

    def __setstate__(self, state):
        # 反序列化时调用, state 是 __getstate__ 的返回对象
        self.fig = state['fig']
        super(LJFigure, self).__init__(self.fig)

    def __getstate__(self):
        # 序列化时调用
        state = {"fig": self.fig}
        return state


class PickleWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(PickleWidget, self).__init__(parent)
        btn_layout = QHBoxLayout()

        self.plot_btn = QPushButton(self)
        self.plot_btn.setText('绘图')
        btn_layout.addWidget(self.plot_btn)

        clear_btn = QPushButton(self)
        clear_btn.setText('清空')
        btn_layout.addWidget(clear_btn)

        set_btn = QPushButton(self)
        set_btn.setText('序列化')
        btn_layout.addWidget(set_btn)

        self.plot_btn.clicked.connect(self.plot)
        clear_btn.clicked.connect(self.clear_fig)
        set_btn.clicked.connect(self.set_data)

        self.v_layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
        self.v_layout.addLayout(btn_layout)

        self.lj = None
        self.lj_fig = None

        self.x_list = [0, 1, 2, 3]
        self.y_list = [0, 1, 4, 9]
        # self.y_list = [0, 2, 4, 6]

    def plot(self):
        if self.lj is None:
            self.lj = LJFigure()  # LJ图
            self.lj.fig.subplots_adjust(right=0.85, top=0.98, bottom=0.04, hspace=0.3)  # 调整子图之间的间距
            self.v_layout.addWidget(self.lj)
            self.lj_fig = self.lj.fig.subplots(1, 1)  # 创建一个number*1的画布
        self.lj_fig.plot(self.x_list, self.y_list, clip_on=True)  # 数据线
        self.lj.fig.canvas.draw()

    def clear_fig(self):
        self.lj_fig.cla()
        self.lj.fig.canvas.draw()

    def set_data(self):
        template_db = shelve.open('aa', flag='c', writeback=False)
        template_db['self'] = self
        template_db.close()

    def __setstate__(self, state):
        # 反序列化时调用, state 是 __getstate__ 的返回对象
        self.__init__()
        self.x_list = state['x_list']
        self.y_list = state['y_list']
        self.lj = state['lj']
        self.lj_fig = state['lj_fig']
        self.v_layout.addWidget(self.lj)

    def __getstate__(self):
        # 序列化时调用
        state = {"x_list": self.x_list, "y_list": self.y_list, "lj": self.lj, 'lj_fig': self.lj_fig}
        return state


if __name__ == '__main__':
    import sys
    from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication

    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    # pw = PickleWidget()   # 序列化时请使用这行，注释掉下面那行
    pw = shelve.open('aa', flag='r', writeback=False).get('self')  # 反序列化时请使用这行，注释掉上一行代码
    pw.show()

    sys.exit(app.exec_())