1. 基本的Attention原理。参考翻译任务中的attention。
1.1.我理解attention是对于每个数据进行权重划分。看一下代码就明白了。
with tf.name_scope('attention'):
input_shape = _outputs.shape # (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)
sequence_size = input_shape[1].value # the length of sequences processed in the RNN layer
hidden_size = input_shape[2].value # hidden size of the RNN layer
attention_w = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([hidden_size, self.config.attention_size], stddev=0.1), name='attention_w')
attention_b = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[self.config.attention_size]), name='attention_b')
attention_u = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([self.config.attention_size], stddev=0.1), name='attention_u')
z_list = []
for t in range(sequence_size):
u_t = tf.tanh(tf.matmul(_outputs[:, t, :], attention_w) + tf.reshape(attention_b, [1, -1]))
z_t = tf.matmul(u_t, tf.reshape(attention_u, [-1, 1]))
z_list.append(z_t)
# Transform to batch_size * sequence_size
attention_z = tf.concat(z_list, axis=1)
self.alpha = tf.nn.softmax(attention_z)
# Transform to batch_size * sequence_size * 1 , same rank as rnn_output
attention_output = tf.reduce_sum(_outputs * tf.reshape(self.alpha, [-1, sequence_size, 1]), 1)
2. HAN的原理（Hierarchical Attention Networks）。
整个网络结构包括五个部分：
1）词序列编码器
2）基于词级的注意力层
3）句子编码器
4）基于句子级的注意力层
5）分类
整个网络结构由双向GRU网络和注意力机制组合而成。
3. 利用Attention模型进行文本分类。
用的是TextRNN+ATTENTION
# coding: utf-8
from __future__ import print_function
import os
import sys
import time
from datetime import timedelta
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from sklearn import metrics
from rnn_model import TRNNConfig, TextRNN
from word2vec_model import word2vecConfig
from data.cnews_loader import read_vocab, read_category, batch_iter, process_file, build_vocab,process_file_2,process_file_test,process_file_3,process_file_w2c
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
base_dir = 'data/new_data'
train_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'new_train_set.csv')
test_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'test_set.csv')
baseline_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'baseline.csv')
#val_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'cnews.val.txt')
vocab_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, 'cnews.vocab.txt')
save_dir = 'checkpoints/textrnn'
save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, 'best_validation') # 最佳验证结果保存路径
def get_time_dif(start_time):
"""获取已使用时间"""
end_time = time.time()
time_dif = end_time - start_time
return timedelta(seconds=int(round(time_dif)))
def feed_data(x_batch, y_batch, keep_prob):
feed_dict = {
model.input_x: x_batch,
model.input_y: y_batch,
model.keep_prob: keep_prob
}
return feed_dict
def evaluate(sess, x_, y_):
"""评估在某一数据上的准确率和损失"""
data_len = len(x_)
batch_eval = batch_iter(x_, y_, 128)
total_loss = 0.0
total_acc = 0.0
for x_batch, y_batch in batch_eval:
batch_len = len(x_batch)
feed_dict = feed_data(x_batch, y_batch, 1.0)
y_pred_class,loss, acc = sess.run([model.y_pred_cls,model.loss, model.acc], feed_dict=feed_dict)
total_loss += loss * batch_len
total_acc += acc * batch_len
return y_pred_class,total_loss / data_len, total_acc / data_len
def train():
print("Configuring TensorBoard and Saver...")
# 配置 Tensorboard，重新训练时，请将tensorboard文件夹删除，不然图会覆盖
tensorboard_dir = 'tensorboard/textrnn'
if not os.path.exists(tensorboard_dir):
os.makedirs(tensorboard_dir)
tf.summary.scalar("loss", model.loss)
tf.summary.scalar("accuracy", model.acc)
merged_summary = tf.summary.merge_all()
writer = tf.summary.FileWriter(tensorboard_dir)
# 配置 Saver
saver = tf.train.Saver()
if not os.path.exists(save_dir):
os.makedirs(save_dir)
print("Loading training and validation data...")
# 载入训练集与验证集
start_time = time.time()
#x_train, y_train = process_file_2(train_dir, word_to_id,cat_to_id, config.seq_length)
x_train, y_train = process_file_w2c(train_dir , config.seq_length,cat_to_id)
#x_val, y_val = process_file_2(val_dir, cat_to_id, config.seq_length)
time_dif = get_time_dif(start_time)
print("Time usage:", time_dif)
x_train = np.array(x_train)
y_train = np.array(y_train)
# 创建session
session = tf.Session()
session.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
writer.add_graph(session.graph)
print('Training and evaluating...')
start_time = time.time()
total_batch = 0 # 总批次
best_acc_val = 0.0 # 最佳验证集准确率
last_improved = 0 # 记录上一次提升批次
require_improvement = 1000 # 如果超过1000轮未提升，提前结束训练
preclass = ""
flag = False
for epoch in range(config.num_epochs):
print('Epoch:', epoch + 1)
batch_train = batch_iter(x_train, y_train, config.batch_size)
for x_batch, y_batch in batch_train:
feed_dict = feed_data(x_batch, y_batch, config.dropout_keep_prob)
# if total_batch % config.save_per_batch == 0:
# 每多少轮次将训练结果写入tensorboard scalar
s = session.run(merged_summary, feed_dict=feed_dict)
writer.add_summary(s, total_batch)
# if total_batch % config.print_per_batch == 0:
# 每多少轮次输出在训练集和验证集上的性能
#feed_dict[model.keep_prob] = 1.0
loss_train, acc_train = session.run([model.loss, model.acc], feed_dict=feed_dict)
#preclass,loss_val, acc_val = evaluate(session, x_val, y_val) # todo
# if acc_val > best_acc_val:
# # 保存最好结果
# best_acc_val = acc_val
# last_improved = total_batch
# saver.save(sess=session, save_path=save_path)
# improved_str = '*'
# else:
# improved_str = ''
improved_str = ''
last_improved = total_batch
time_dif = get_time_dif(start_time)
msg = 'Iter: {0:>6}, Train Loss: {1:>6.2}, Train Acc: {2:>7.2%}, Time: {3} {4}'
print(msg.format(total_batch, loss_train, acc_train, time_dif, improved_str))
session.run(model.optim, feed_dict=feed_dict) # 运行优化
total_batch += 1
# if total_batch > require_improvement:
# # 验证集正确率长期不提升，提前结束训练
# print("No optimization for a long time, auto-stopping...")
# flag = True
# saver.save(sess=session, save_path=save_path)
# break # 跳出循环
if flag: # 同上
break
#训练完保存模型
saver.save(sess=session, save_path=save_path)
test2()
def test2():
print("Loading test data...")
start_time = time.time()
x_test = process_file_test(test_dir, word_to_id, config.seq_length)
session = tf.Session()
session.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
saver = tf.train.Saver()
saver.restore(sess=session, save_path=save_path) # 读取保存的模型
# print('Testing...')
# y_pred,loss_test, acc_test = evaluate(session, x_test, y_test)
# msg = 'Test Loss: {0:>6.2}, Test Acc: {1:>7.2%}'
# print(msg.format(loss_test, acc_test))
batch_size = 128
data_len = len(x_test)
num_batch = int((data_len - 1) / batch_size) + 1
# y_test_cls = np.argmax(y_test, 1)
y_pred_cls = np.zeros(shape=len(x_test), dtype=np.int32) # 保存预测结果
for i in range(num_batch): # 逐批次处理
start_id = i * batch_size
end_id = min((i + 1) * batch_size, data_len)
feed_dict = {
model.input_x: x_test[start_id:end_id],
model.keep_prob: 1
}
y_pred_cls[start_id:end_id] = session.run(model.y_pred_cls, feed_dict=feed_dict)
i = 0
fid0 = open(baseline_dir, 'w')
fid0.write("id,class" + "\n")
for item in y_pred_cls:
fid0.write(str(i) + "," + str(item + 1) + "\n")
i = i + 1
fid0.close()
# 评估
print("Precision, Recall and F1-Score...")
#print(metrics.classification_report(y_test_cls, y_pred_cls, target_names=categories))
# 混淆矩阵
print("Confusion Matrix...")
#cm = metrics.confusion_matrix(y_test_cls, y_pred_cls)
#print(cm)
time_dif = get_time_dif(start_time)
print("Time usage:", time_dif)
def test():
print("Loading test data...")
start_time = time.time()
x_test, y_test = process_file_2(train_dir, cat_to_id, config.seq_length)
session = tf.Session()
session.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
saver = tf.train.Saver()
saver.restore(sess=session, save_path=save_path) # 读取保存的模型
print('Testing...')
y_pred,loss_test, acc_test = evaluate(session, x_test, y_test)
msg = 'Test Loss: {0:>6.2}, Test Acc: {1:>7.2%}'
print(msg.format(loss_test, acc_test))
batch_size = 128
data_len = len(x_test)
num_batch = int((data_len - 1) / batch_size) + 1
y_test_cls = np.argmax(y_test, 1)
y_pred_cls = np.zeros(shape=len(x_test), dtype=np.int32) # 保存预测结果
for i in range(num_batch): # 逐批次处理
start_id = i * batch_size
end_id = min((i + 1) * batch_size, data_len)
feed_dict = {
model.input_x: x_test[start_id:end_id],
model.keep_prob: 1.0
}
y_pred_cls[start_id:end_id] = session.run(model.y_pred_cls, feed_dict=feed_dict)
# 评估
print("Precision, Recall and F1-Score...")
print(metrics.classification_report(y_test_cls, y_pred_cls, target_names=categories))
# 混淆矩阵
print("Confusion Matrix...")
cm = metrics.confusion_matrix(y_test_cls, y_pred_cls)
print(cm)
time_dif = get_time_dif(start_time)
print("Time usage:", time_dif)
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('Configuring RNN model...')
config = TRNNConfig()
w2vconfig = word2vecConfig()
if not os.path.exists(vocab_dir): # 如果不存在词汇表，重建
build_vocab(train_dir, vocab_dir, config.vocab_size)
categories, cat_to_id = read_category()
words, word_to_id = read_vocab(vocab_dir)
config.vocab_size = len(words)
model = TextRNN(config)
option='train'
if option == 'train':
train()
elif option == 'test2':
test2()
else:
test()
# x_train, y_train,lenXtrain = process_file_3(train_dir, word_to_id, cat_to_id, config.seq_length)
# print(sum(lenXtrain)/len(lenXtrain))
# plt.hist(lenXtrain, (int(sum(lenXtrain)/len(lenXtrain))))
# plt.xlabel('Sequence Length')
# plt.ylabel('Frequency')
# plt.axis([0, 2500, 0, 20000])
# plt.show()#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import tensorflow as tf
class TRNNConfig(object):
"""RNN配置参数"""
# 模型参数
embedding_dim = 200 # 词向量维度
seq_length = 720 # 序列长度
num_classes = 19 # 类别数
vocab_size = 5000 # 词汇表达小
num_layers= 2 # 隐藏层层数
hidden_dim = 128 # 隐藏层神经元
rnn = 'gru' # lstm 或 gru
dropout_keep_prob = 0.5 # dropout保留比例
learning_rate = 1e-3 # 学习率
batch_size = 128 # 每批训练大小
num_epochs = 10 # 总迭代轮次
print_per_batch = 100 # 每多少轮输出一次结果
save_per_batch = 10 # 每多少轮存入tensorboard
attention_size = 100
class TextRNN(object):
"""文本分类，RNN模型"""
def __init__(self, config):
self.config = config
# 三个待输入的数据
self.input_x = tf.placeholder(tf.int32, [None, self.config.seq_length], name='input_x')
self.input_y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, self.config.num_classes], name='input_y')
self.keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='keep_prob')
self.rnn()
def rnn(self):
"""rnn模型"""
def lstm_cell(): # lstm核
return tf.contrib.rnn.BasicLSTMCell(self.config.hidden_dim, state_is_tuple=True)
def gru_cell(): # gru核
return tf.contrib.rnn.GRUCell(self.config.hidden_dim)
def dropout(): # 为每一个rnn核后面加一个dropout层
if (self.config.rnn == 'lstm'):
cell = lstm_cell()
else:
cell = gru_cell()
return tf.contrib.rnn.DropoutWrapper(cell, output_keep_prob=self.keep_prob)
# 词向量映射
with tf.device('/gpu:0'):
embedding = tf.get_variable('embedding', [self.config.vocab_size, self.config.embedding_dim])
embedding_inputs = tf.nn.embedding_lookup(embedding, self.input_x)
with tf.name_scope("rnn"):
# 多层rnn网络
cells = [dropout() for _ in range(self.config.num_layers)]
rnn_cell = tf.contrib.rnn.MultiRNNCell(cells, state_is_tuple=True)
_outputs, _ = tf.nn.dynamic_rnn(cell=rnn_cell, inputs=embedding_inputs, dtype=tf.float32)
#last = _outputs[:, -1, :] # 取最后一个时序输出作为结果
with tf.name_scope('attention'):
input_shape = _outputs.shape # (batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_size)
sequence_size = input_shape[1].value # the length of sequences processed in the RNN layer
hidden_size = input_shape[2].value # hidden size of the RNN layer
attention_w = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([hidden_size, self.config.attention_size], stddev=0.1), name='attention_w')
attention_b = tf.Variable(tf.constant(0.1, shape=[self.config.attention_size]), name='attention_b')
attention_u = tf.Variable(tf.truncated_normal([self.config.attention_size], stddev=0.1), name='attention_u')
z_list = []
for t in range(sequence_size):
u_t = tf.tanh(tf.matmul(_outputs[:, t, :], attention_w) + tf.reshape(attention_b, [1, -1]))
z_t = tf.matmul(u_t, tf.reshape(attention_u, [-1, 1]))
z_list.append(z_t)
# Transform to batch_size * sequence_size
attention_z = tf.concat(z_list, axis=1)
self.alpha = tf.nn.softmax(attention_z)
# Transform to batch_size * sequence_size * 1 , same rank as rnn_output
attention_output = tf.reduce_sum(_outputs * tf.reshape(self.alpha, [-1, sequence_size, 1]), 1)
with tf.name_scope("score"):
# 全连接层，后面接dropout以及relu激活
batch_last = tf.layers.batch_normalization(attention_output,training=False)
fc = tf.layers.dense(batch_last , self.config.hidden_dim, name='fc1')
fc = tf.contrib.layers.dropout(fc, self.keep_prob)
fc = tf.nn.relu(fc)
# 分类器
batch_fc = tf.layers.batch_normalization(fc, training=False)
self.logits = tf.layers.dense(batch_fc, self.config.num_classes, name='fc2')
self.y_pred_cls = tf.argmax(tf.nn.softmax(self.logits), 1) # 预测类别
with tf.name_scope("optimize"):
# 损失函数，交叉熵
cross_entropy = tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=self.logits, labels=self.input_y)
self.loss = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy)
# 优化器
self.optim = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=self.config.learning_rate).minimize(self.loss)
with tf.name_scope("accuracy"):
# 准确率
correct_pred = tf.equal(tf.argmax(self.input_y, 1), self.y_pred_cls)
self.acc = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))
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