一、什么是监听器?
监听器就是监听某个对象的的状态变化的组件
监听器的相关概念:
事件源:被监听的对象 ----- 三个域对象 request session servletContext
监听器:监听事件源对象,事件源对象的状态的变化都会触发监听器 ---- 6+2
注册监听器:将监听器与事件源进行绑定
响应行为:监听器监听到事件源的状态变化时,所涉及的功能代码 ---- 程序员编写代码
二、监听器有哪些?
第一维度:按照被监听的对象划分:ServletRequest域、HttpSession域、ServletContext域
第二维度:监听的内容分:监听域对象的创建与销毁、监听域对象的属性变化
三、监听三大域对象的创建与销毁的监听器
3.1 监听ServletContext域的创建与销毁的监听器ServletContextListener
1)Servlet域的生命周期
何时创建:服务器启动创建
何时销毁:服务器关闭销毁
2)监听器的编写步骤(重点):
a、编写一个监听器类去实现监听器接口
b、覆盖监听器的方法
c、需要在web.xml中进行配置---注册
3)监听器
package com.ken.create;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
// 监听context域对象的创建
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
// 就是被监听的对象----ServletContext
ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
// getSource就是被监听的对象----是通用的方法
Object source = sce.getSource();
System.out.println("context创建了...");
}
@Override
// 监听context域对象的销毁
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("context销毁了...");
}
}
4)注册监听器-配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>listenerDemo</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 注册监听器 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>com.ken.create.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
运行效果:
5)ServletContextListener监听器的主要作用
a、初始化的工作:初始化对象初始化数据 ---- 加载数据库驱动连接池的初始化
b、加载一些初始化的配置文件 --- spring的配置文件
c、任务调度----定时器----Timer/TimerTask
我们加载Spring的时候,在web.xml中配置;<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
ContextLoaderListener实现了ServletContextListener
定时器:
package com.ken.create;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
// 监听context域对象的创建
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
// 就是被监听的对象----ServletContext
ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
// getSource就是被监听的对象----是通用的方法
Object source = sce.getSource();
System.out.println("context创建了...");
// 开启一个计息任务调度-----每天晚上12点计息一次
Timer timer = new Timer();
// task:任务 firstTime:第一次执行时间 period:间隔执行时间
// timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, firstTime, period);
timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("银行计息了...");
}
}, new Date(), 5000);
}
@Override
// 监听context域对象的销毁
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
System.out.println("context销毁了...");
}
}
3.2 HttpSessionListener
监听Httpsession域的创建与销毁的监听器HttpSessionListener
1)HttpSession对象的生命周期何时创建:第一次调用request.getSession时创建
何时销毁:服务器关闭销毁、session过期、手动销毁
2)HttpSessionListener的方法
作用:记录网站的访问次数。
1.创建监听器
package com.ken.create;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
public class MyHttpSessionListener implements HttpSessionListener {
@Override
public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent se) {
System.out.println("session创建" + se.getSession().getId());
}
@Override
public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent se) {
System.out.println("session销毁" + se.getSession().getId());
}
}
2.配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>listenerDemo</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<!-- 注册监听器 -->
<!-- <listener>
<listener-class>com.ken.create.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>
</listener> -->
<listener>
<listener-class>com.ken.create.MyHttpSessionListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
3.创建jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-16"
pageEncoding="UTF-16"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-16">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
xxxxxxxxxxxxxx
</body>
</html>
session创建的时候会出发监听器。jsp有内置的session。所以,我们一访问jsp就会出发这个监听器。
4.运行效果
四、监听三大域对象的属性变化的
4.1 域对象的通用的方法
setAttribute(name,value)--- 触发添加属性的监听器的方法
--- 触发修改属性的监听器的方法
getAttribute(name)
removeAttribute(name)
--- 触发删除属性的监听器的方法
1.创建监听器
package com.ken.create;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener {
@Override
public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
// 放到域中的属性
System.out.println(event.getName());// 放到域中的name
System.out.println(event.getValue());// 放到域中的value
}
@Override
public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
System.out.println(event.getName());// 删除的域中的name
System.out.println(event.getValue());// 删除的域中的value
}
@Override
public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent event) {
System.out.println(event.getName());// 获得修改前的域中的name
System.out.println(event.getValue());// 获得修改前的域中的value
}
}
2.注册监听器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
<display-name>listenerDemo</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<listener>
<listener-class>com.ken.create.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
<description></description>
<display-name>TestMyServletContextAttributeListener</display-name>
<servlet-name>TestMyServletContextAttributeListener</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.ken.create.TestMyServletContextAttributeListener</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TestMyServletContextAttributeListener</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/test1</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
3.创建测试类
package com.ken.create;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class TestMyServletContextAttributeListener extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 向context域中存数据
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
context.setAttribute("name", "tom");
// 改context数据
context.setAttribute("name", "lucy");
// 删除context数据
context.removeAttribute("name");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
4.运行效果
五、与session中的绑定的对象相关的监听器(对象感知监听器)
5.1 即将要被绑定到session中的对象有几种状态
绑定状态:就一个对象被放到session域中解绑状态:就是这个对象从session域中移除了
钝化状态:是将session内存中的对象持久化(序列化)到磁盘
活化状态:就是将磁盘上的对象再次恢复到session内存中
5.2 绑定与解绑的监听器HttpSessionBindingListener
1.创建Person类package com.ken.domain;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;
public class Person implements HttpSessionBindingListener {
private String id;
private String name;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
System.out.println("person被绑定");
}
@Override
public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
System.out.println("person被解绑");
}
}
2.创建测试类
package com.ken.domain;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class TestPersonBindingServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
// 将person对象绑到session中
Person p = new Person();
p.setId("100");
p.setName("tom");
session.setAttribute("person", p);
// 将person对象从session中解绑
session.removeAttribute("person");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
3.测试
问题:当用户很多时,怎样对服务器进行优化?
钝化和活化就是方法之一。
5.3 钝化与活化的监听器HttpSessionActivationListener
要把一个对象存储到磁盘上,要实现Serializable
1.创建Customer类
package com.ken.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
public class Customer implements HttpSessionActivationListener, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 4202510346238752877L;
@Override
// 钝化
public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
System.out.println("customer被钝化");
}
@Override
// 活化
public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
System.out.println("customer被活化");
}
private String id;
private String name;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
2.创建钝化类
package com.ken.domain;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
public class TestCustomerActiveServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
// 将customer放到session中
Customer customer = new Customer();
customer.setId("200");
customer.setName("lucy");
session.setAttribute("customer", customer);
System.out.println("customer被放到session域中了");
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}
3.钝化结果
先访问servlet
再停止tomcat
启动tomcat,再访问活化servlet
现在,我们钝化的时间是由tomcat来控制的。我们怎么来自己设定钝化的时间呢?
访问钝化servlet
等1分钟
访问活化servlet