客户端DHCP自动获取IP地址过程详解

通过tcpdump抓包DHCP分析

1. 通过linux命令抓包tcpdump -i lan -v -p udp port 67 and port 68

    完整抓包过程先发送广播包：

    DHCP客户端   -》 DHCP服务器

        11:50:42.848908 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 313)

    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from d0:b6:0a:b0:00:54 (oui Unknown), length 285, xid 0x67458b6b, secs 65535, Flags [none]

      Client-Ethernet-Address d0:b6:0a:b0:00:54 (oui Unknown)

      Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions

        Magic Cookie 0x63825363

        DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Discover

        Parameter-Request Option 55, length 1:

          Domain-Name-Server

        Hostname Option 12, length 14: "MYTESTTESTTEST"

        Vendor-Class Option 60, length 11: "DHCP 3.0.10"

        Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether d0:b6:0a:b0:00:54

11:50:43.350971 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 56370, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 328)

    OpenWrt.lan.bootps > MYTESTTESTTEST.lan.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 300, xid 0x67458b6b, secs 65535, Flags [none]

      Your-IP MYTESTTESTTEST.lan

      Server-IP OpenWrt.lan

      Client-Ethernet-Address d0:b6:0a:b0:00:54 (oui Unknown)

      Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions

        Magic Cookie 0x63825363

        DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Offer

        Server-ID Option 54, length 4: OpenWrt.lan

        Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 7200

        RN Option 58, length 4: 3600

        RB Option 59, length 4: 6300

        Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.255.0

        BR Option 28, length 4: 192.168.11.255

        Domain-Name-Server Option 6, length 4: OpenWrt.lan

11:50:43.352837 IP (tos 0x10, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 342)

    0.0.0.0.bootpc > 255.255.255.255.bootps: BOOTP/DHCP, Request from d0:b6:0a:b0:00:54 (oui Unknown), length 314, xid 0xc6237b32, secs 65535, Flags [none]

      Client-Ethernet-Address d0:b6:0a:b0:00:54 (oui Unknown)

      Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions

        Magic Cookie 0x63825363

        DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: Request

        MSZ Option 57, length 2: 1456

        Requested-IP Option 50, length 4: TEST.lan

        Server-ID Option 54, length 4: OpenWrt.lan

        Parameter-Request Option 55, length 14:

          RN, RB, Subnet-Mask, BR

          Classless-Static-Route, Static-Route, Default-Gateway, Hostname

          Option 119, Domain-Name, Domain-Name-Server, YD

          YS, NTP

        Hostname Option 12, length 14: "MYTESTTESTTEST"

        Vendor-Class Option 60, length 11: "DHCP 3.0.10"

        Client-ID Option 61, length 7: ether d0:b6:0a:b0:00:54

11:50:43.353988 IP (tos 0xc0, ttl 64, id 56371, offset 0, flags [none], proto UDP (17), length 341)

    OpenWrt.lan.bootps > MYTESTTESTTEST.lan.bootpc: BOOTP/DHCP, Reply, length 313, xid 0xc6237b32, secs 65535, Flags [none]

      Your-IP MYTESTTESTTEST.lan

      Server-IP OpenWrt.lan

      Client-Ethernet-Address d0:b6:0a:b0:00:54 (oui Unknown)

      Vendor-rfc1048 Extensions

        Magic Cookie 0x63825363

        DHCP-Message Option 53, length 1: ACK

        Server-ID Option 54, length 4: OpenWrt.lan

        Lease-Time Option 51, length 4: 7200

        RN Option 58, length 4: 3600

        RB Option 59, length 4: 6300

        Subnet-Mask Option 1, length 4: 255.255.255.0

        BR Option 28, length 4: 192.168.11.255

        Default-Gateway Option 3, length 4: OpenWrt.lan

        Domain-Name-Server Option 6, length 4: OpenWrt.lan

        Domain-Name Option 15, length 3: "lan"

        Hostname Option 12, length 14: "MYTESTTESTTEST"