CSAPP: Chapter1.3~Chapter1.4

1.3 It Pays to Understand How compilation System Work

1)Reasons for why programmers need to understand how compilation systems work

Optimizing program performance.

Don’t need to know the inner workings of the compiler in order to write effective codes. However, in order to make good coding decisions in our C programs, we do need a basic understanding of machine-level code and how the compiler translates different C statements into machine code. 

Understanding link-time errors.

Realize running errors

Avoiding security holes.

Buffer overflow vulnerabilities.(The majority )

 

1.4 Processors Read the Interpret Instructions Stored in Memory

1)Hardware Organization of a System

2)Hardware Element Details

Buses

word(several bytes(8 bits))

I/O

controller, chip sets int the device itself or on the system’s main printed circuit board(often called the motherboard)

adapter, a card that plugs into a slot on the motherboard.

Samilarly, transfer information back and forth between th I/O bus and an I/O device.

Main Memory

Temporary storage device that holds both a program and the data.

DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memmory)

Processor

Register, such as PC(Program Counter)

ISA(Instruction Set Architecture)

Load,Store,Operate,Jump

3)How hello.c runs

disk——>memory——>register file——>memory——>    display device

4）DMA

direct memory access

Data to memory directly,do not need processor