springboot项目创建笔记9 之《restTemplate使用》

一、restTemplate默认构造方法
1、getForEntity
发送一个HTTP GET请求，返回ResponseEntity<T>，ResponseEntity<T>是Spring对HTTP请求响应的封装，T代表body要转换的类型
第一个参数是url，第二个参数是返回body的类型，后面是传参
例如：ResponseEntity<UserEntity> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity("http://localhost/get/{id}", UserEntity.class, id);

2、postForEntity
发送一个HTTP POST请求，返回ResponseEntity<T>
第一个参数是url，第二个参数是HttpEntity，第三个参数是返回body的类型

3、getForObject
getForObject实际上是对getForEntity函数的进一步封装，如果你只关注返回的消息体的内容，对其他信息都不关注，此时可以使用getForObject

4、postForObject
同上

二、restTemplate带参数的构造方法
默认的构造方法有个缺点，不能设置超时时间，所以还提供了一个带参的构造方法
public RestTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory)
基于指定的ClientHttpRequestFactory创建一个实例，不带参数的默认为SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory

1、SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory基于标准JDK创建http连接

2、HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory基于Apache HttpClient创建连接，需要引入apache的包

3、但是没找到处理https请求的方法

三、代码修改
1、MybootConfig.java添加

	@Bean
	public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
		// 避免中文乱码，将字符集从ISO-8859-1改为UTF_8
		restTemplate.getMessageConverters().set(1, new StringHttpMessageConverter(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
		return restTemplate;
	}

2、添加测试类RestTemplateTest.java

package myboot;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.client.SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.example.myboot.MybootApplication;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = MybootApplication.class)
public class RestTemplateTest {

	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;

	@Test
	public void TestGetForEntity() {
		// 提交请求
		ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity("https://www.baidu.com", String.class);
		String result = response.getBody();
		HttpHeaders headers = response.getHeaders();
		HttpStatus httpStatus = response.getStatusCode();
		System.out.println("Get status: " + httpStatus.toString());
		System.out.println("Get headers: " + headers.toString());
		System.out.println("Get result: " + result);
	}

	@Test
	public void TestPostForEntity() {
		// 构建httpHeader
		HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
		httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
		// 构建HttpEntity
		String request = "{\"aaa\":\"111\"}";
		HttpEntity<String> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(request, httpHeaders);
		// 提交请求
		ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate
				.postForEntity("http://192.168.23.46:8003/afms-external/action/channelCert", httpEntity, String.class);
		String result = response.getBody();
		System.out.println("Post result: " + result);
	}

	@Test
	public void TestGetForObject() {
		String response = restTemplate.getForObject("https://www.baidu.com", String.class);
		System.out.println("Get result: " + response);
	}

	@Test
	public void TestPostForObject() {
		String request = "{\"aaa\":\"111\"}";
		// 提交请求
		String response = restTemplate.postForObject("http://192.168.23.46:8003/afms-external/action/channelCert",
				request, String.class);
		System.out.println("Post result: " + response);
	}

	@Test
	public void TestPostForObject2() {
		SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory requestFactory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
		requestFactory.setConnectTimeout(30 * 1000);
		requestFactory.setReadTimeout(30 * 1000);
		RestTemplate restTemplate2 = new RestTemplate(requestFactory);
		String request = "{\"aaa\":\"111\"}";
		// 提交请求
		String response = restTemplate2.postForObject("http://192.168.23.46:8003/afms-external/action/channelCert",
				request, String.class);
		System.out.println("Post result2: " + response);
	}
}

参考资料：
https://blog.csdn.net/justry_deng/article/details/82531306
https://blog.csdn.net/f641385712/article/details/100713622
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000018234763

注：最新代码上传至https://github.com/csj50/myboot