扩展 ubuntu 硬盘 容量

if your system disk does not have enough space and you want to use a new disk to store data in folder /var.
这里扩展硬盘的方式是把某个文件夹用硬盘去替换它.这里的例子是用/dev/sda5来替换/var文件夹

注意：不当的操作会损坏你的系统
CAUTION: do everything carefully or you may damage the system

First prepare a new partition (e.g. with parted and mkfs). Say the partition is /dev/sda5
首先把空的硬盘格式化好，比如格式化以后的分区名字为/dev/sda5

所有的命令需要在前面加上sudo，如果你不是root权限的话
all follows commands need sudo ahead

Mount the new partition:

安装新分区
mkdir /var2
mount /dev/sda5 /var2

Sync your current var:

复制文件
rsync -a /var/ /var2

Add the entry to /etc/fstab

在/etc/fstab这个文件里添加下面这行内容
/dev/sda5 /var ext4 defaults 0 2

change the name of the old /var folder to let the system recognize it after reboot

下面的命令可能会导致系统暂时异常，需要手动重启
N.B. after the next operation your may need manually restart the system if you want to replace system folder e.g. /usr
mv /var /var_old

now you can reboot the system

Reboot