The set [1,2,3,…,n]
contains a total of n! unique permutations.
By listing and labeling all of the permutations in order,
We get the following sequence (ie, for n = 3):
"123"
"132"
"213"
"231"
"312"
"321"
Given n and k, return the kth permutation sequence.
Note: Given n will be between 1 and 9 inclusive.
/*
n个元素的排列总数是n!。
getPermutation(n, k),对于(n, k)=(1, 1)
在下面的分析中,让k的范围是0 <= k < n!。(题目代码实际上是1<=k<=n!)
可以看到一个规律,就是这n!个排列中,第一位的元素总是(n-1)!一组出现的,
也就说如果p = k / (n-1)!,那么排列的最开始一个元素一定是arr[p]。
这个规律可以类推下去,在剩余的n-1个元素中逐渐挑选出第二个,第三个,
...,到第n个元素。程序就结束。
*/
public String getPermutation(int n, int k) {
List<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
for(int i = 1;i<=n;i++)
nums.add(i);
StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();
int kMul = 1;
for(int i =1;i<n;i++)
kMul *= i;
int quoty = k-1; //余数
for(int i = n-1;i>=0;i--) {
int kQuoty = quoty/kMul;
int remainder = quoty%kMul;
quoty = remainder;
kMul /= (i != 0?i:1);
str.append(nums.get(kQuoty));
nums.remove(nums.get(kQuoty));
}
return str.toString();
}