[HDU-6304] Chiaki Sequence Revisited

Chiaki Sequence Revisited http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=6304

$$a_n=\begin{cases}1 & n = 1,2 \\ a_{n - a_{n-1}} + a_{n-1 - a_{n-2}} & n \ge 3\end{cases}$$

求 $\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}a_i \mod 1000000007$

There are multiple test cases. The first line of input contains an integer $T (1≤T≤10^5)$, indicating the number of test cases. For each test case:
The first line contains an integer $n (1≤n≤10^{18})$.

思路

$a_n$ 序列中某个值 $x$ 出现的次数是 $\max \{k+1 | 2^k整除x\}$

然后二分得到 $a_n$

然后可以 $\log a_n$ 时间内求出

$$\sum_{a_i \leq a_n} a_i=\sum_{2^k\leq a_n}[(k+1)\cdot \sum_{gcd(2^k,a_i)=2^k}^{a_i\leq a_n}a_i]$$

然后 减掉多加的部分就得到了答案

$$ans=\sum_{a_i \leq a_n} a_i-\sum_{i>n,a_i\leq a_n}a_i$$

#pragma GCC optimize ("O2")
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

const int MAXN = (int)1e5 + 5;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const double EPS = 1e-8;

typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> pii;

const int MOD = 1000000007;

ll d[64];

ll f(ll n) {
    ll num = 0;
    for(ll i = 1; d[i] <= n; ++i) {
        num += i * ((n / d[i] + 1) / 2);
    }
    return num + 1;
}

int sum(ll n) {
    ll res = 0;
    for(ll i = 1; d[i] <= n; ++i) {
        //易错
        (res += i * ((d[i] % MOD + d[i] % MOD + (2 * d[i]) % MOD * (((n / d[i] + 1) / 2 - 1) % MOD) % MOD) % MOD * ((n / d[i] + 1) / 2 % MOD) % MOD * 500000004 % MOD) % MOD) %= MOD;
    }
    return (int)res;
}

ll work(ll n) {
    // 一定要加速收敛
    ll low = max(n / 2, 0LL), top = n / 2 + 30;
    while(top - low > 1) {
        ll mid = (low + top) >> 1;
        if(f(mid) >= n) top = mid;
        else low = mid;
    }
    return top;
}

void slove(ll n) {
    ll sop = work(n);
    ll pos = f(sop);
    int ans = sum(sop) + 1;
    ans -= (pos - n) * sop % MOD;
    printf("%d\n", (ans + MOD) % MOD);
}

ll read(ll &x) {
    char c;
    while((c = getchar()) <= 32);
    for(x = 0; c >= '0'; c = getchar()) x = x * 10 + c - '0';
}

int main()
{
    d[1] = 1;
    for(int i = 2; i < 64; ++i) d[i] = d[i - 1] << 1;
    int T;ll n;
    while(scanf("%d", &T) != EOF) {
        while(T--) {
            read(n);
            slove(n);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}