什么是PSU、BP、RU-RUR

本文根据mos上的文章做些简单的术语描述：


Bundle Patch (BP) ：An iterative, cumulative patch that is issued between patch sets. Bundle patches usually include only fixes, but some may include minor enhancements. 
As of April 2016, the Database Patch for Engineered Systems and Database In-Memory has been renamed to "Database Proactive Bundle Patch".
BP includes all PSU fixes along with fixes targeted at the specific BP environment for 12.1.

Patch Set Update (PSU)：A quarterly patch that contains the most critical fixes for the applicable product, allowing customers to apply one patch to avoid many problems.
PSU contains the CPU program security fixes and additional high-impact/low-risk critical bug fixes

Security Patch Update (SPU)：An iterative, cumulative patch consisting of security fixes. Formerly known as Critical Patch Update. Starting with Oracle Database version 12.1.0.1 , Oracle will only provide Patch Set Update (PSU) patches to meet the Critical Patch Update (CPU) program requirements for security patching. SPU(Security Patch Update) patches will no longer be available. 
SPU contains only the CPU program security fixes.

Release Update / Release Update Revision (RU-RUR)：a cumulative collection of fixes to address bugs in a given feature, product, or configuration。 This RU and RUR strategy replaces the legacy Patchset Update (PSU) strategy for 12.2.0.1 database software, beginning in July of 2017.
RU-RUR includes all PSU fixes along with fixes targeted at the specific BP environment for 12.2 and higher

Interim Patch: A patch containing one or more fixes made available to customers who cannot wait until the next patch set or new product release to get a fix. 

==>以上补丁的内容包含关系可能是这样的：BP / RU-RUR > PSU>SPU

NOTE:

1、An installation can only use one of the SPU, PSU, BP, or RU-RUR patching methods.You cannot mix BP and DB PSU (or SPU) patching methods in the same ORACLE_HOME.
==》同一个ORACLE_HOME下，不能既安装BP类型的补丁，又安装PSU补丁。建议选择一种类型进行安装。

2、All methods allow “interim patches” to be installed, but the version of an interim patch required may vary depending on the patching method. 
==》独立安装interim patches可能会存在补丁的依赖关系。

3、Every customer should at least install PSUs. Minimal testing required.12.1.0.2 Customers wanting a more comprehensive set of fixes should install the Database Proactive Bundle patch. This requires a bit more testing than a Patch Set Update (PSU), but delivers a larger set of fixes.
==》建议安装最新的PSU或Bundle patch。

参考：
Oracle Database – Overview of Database Patch Delivery Methods (Doc ID 1962125.1)
数据库/GI PSU，SPU(CPU)，Bundle Patches 和 Patchsets 补丁号码快速参考 (文档 ID 1922396.1)

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