SAP自动记账 .

SAP的自动记账是MM与FI的集成，也是MM模块的精华之一，今天正好在设置时候碰到了这些问题，就记下来以备查阅。

SAP的自动记账设计的非常精巧，其整体结构如下根据设置界面就可以略知一二，如下图所示。

其中评估范围集群分组就是将不同工厂划分评估范围，此为自动记账的条件一；

定义评估类，就是将物料类型与评估级别关联起来，此为自动记账的条件二；

为移动类型定义科目分组，就是定义每个移动类型所涉及到的事件代码，这是自动记账的条件三；其整体结构如下：

 

 

在SAP的设置中，最先的是将评估范围分组，所谓的分组，就是将工厂归类到某一组中，因为很多工厂的自动记账规则是一致的，这样在自动记账的维护中就可以以分组作为单位维护自动记账规则，而不需要每个工厂的维护；

 

其次是评估类的设置，评估类中包含“帐户分类参考”、“评估类”、“物料类型/帐户分类参考”，他们之间的关系就是每个“帐户分类参考”分别对应多个“评估类”及“物料类型”，所以决定了在物料的会计视图维护中，每种物料类型的了可以选择多个“评估类”。“帐户分类参考”是物料类型和评估类之间的桥梁。

再确定以上两步之后，就可以对自动记账进行配置了，如下图，选择科目分配

 

进入科目分配后便可以对每种事务进行科目配置，其中介绍几种常见，其他后续补充：

存货专用费用收入  AUM          （用来记录物料转移成本差异）

• Expenditure/income from transfer posting (AUM)

This transaction is used for transfer postings from one material to another if the complete value of the issuing material cannot be posted to the value of the receiving material. This applies both to materials with standard price control and to materials with moving average price control. Price differences can arise for materials with moving average price if stock levels are negative and the stock value becomes unrealistic as a result of the posting. Transaction AUM can be used irrespective of whether the transfer posting involves a transfer between plants. The expenditure/income is added to the receiving material.

库存商品 BSX       跟库存相关事务

 

• Stock posting (BSX)

This transaction is used for all postings to stock accounts. Such postings are effected, for example:

•  
  • In inventory management in the case of goods receipts to own stock and goods issues from own stock

•  
  • In invoice verification, if price differences occur in connection with incoming invoices for materials valuated at moving average price and there is adequate stock coverage

•  
  • In order settlement, if the order is assigned to a material with moving average price and the actual costs at the time of settlement vary from the actual costs at the time of goods receipt

Because this transaction is dependent on the valuation class, it is possible to manage materials with different valuation classes in separate stock accounts.

成本价格差额 PRD   跟成本相关

 

Price differences arise for materials valuated at standard price in the case of all movements and invoices with a value that differs from the standard price. Examples: goods receipts against purchase orders (if the PO price differs from the standard pricedardpreis), goods issues in respect of which an external amount is entered, invoices (if the invoice price differs from the PO price and the standard price).

Price differences can also arise in the case of materials with moving average price if there is not enough stock to cover the invoiced quantity. In the case of goods movements in the negative range, the moving average price is not changed. Instead, any price differences arising are posted to a price difference account.

Depending on the settings for the posting rules for transaction/event key PRD, it is possible to work with or without account modification. If you use account modification, the following modifications are available in the standard system:

•  
  • None for goods and invoice receipts against purchase orders

•  
  • PRF for goods receipts against production orders and
    order settlement

•  
  • PRA for goods issues and other movements

•  
  • PRU for transfer postings (price differences in the case
    of external amounts)

物料分类账     LKW 

清帐科目       WRX

库存管理的冲销输入              GBB  消耗类

•  
  •  AUA: for order settlement   

•  
  • AUF: for goods receipts for orders (without account assignment)
    and for order settlement if AUA is not maintained

•  
  • AUI: Subsequent adjustment of actual price from cost center

AUA     生产订单结算的产出差异  设置成和AUF一样的科目

BSA      库存初始化科目.   如MB1C 561

INV      库存使用中造成的损益差异,盘赢盘亏

 

From  http://blog.csdn.net/futurewind/article/details/3880302

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