grep 的常用元字符

Metacharacter	Function	Example	What It Matches
^	Beginning-of-line anchor	'^love'	Matches all lines beginning with love.
$	End-of-line anchor	'love$'	Matches all lines ending with love.
.	Matches one character	'l..e'	Matches lines containing an l, followed by two characters, followed by an e.
*	Matches zero or more characters preceding the asterisk	' *love'	Matches lines with zero or more spaces, followed by the pattern love.
[ ]	Matches one character in the set	'[Ll]ove'	Matches lines containing love or Love.
[^]	Matches one character not in the set	'[^A–K]ove'	Matches lines not containing a character in the range A through K, followed by ove.
<	Beginning-of-word anchor	'	Matches lines containing a word that begins with love.
>	End-of-word anchor	'love>'	Matches lines containing a word that ends with love.
(..)	Tags matched characters	'(love)ing'	Tags marked portion in a register to be remembered later as number 1. To reference later, use 1 to repeat the pattern. May use up to nine tags, starting with the first tag at the leftmost part of the pattern. For example, the pattern love is saved in register 1 to be referenced later as 1.
x{m} x{m,} x{m,n}[a]	Repetition of character x: m times, at least m times, or between m and n times	'o{5}' 'o{5,}' 'o{5,10}'	Matches if line has 5 occurences of o, at least 5 occurences of o, or between 5 and 10 occurrences of

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