初识设计模式——工厂模式

由于简单工厂模式违反了设计模式六大原则中的“开闭原则”，所以产生了工厂模式，工厂模式定义一个创建对象的接口，让子类决定实例化那一个类。工厂方法使一个类的实例化延迟到子类。以之前的简单工厂模式所实现的功能为例，工厂模式的代码如下。

工厂接口

<?php

include './Claculator.php';
include './claculator/Add.php';
include './claculator/Divide.php';
include './claculator/Tract.php';
include './claculator/Ride.php';

interface Factory
{
    static function createClaculator();
}

加法工厂

<?php

class AddFactory implements Factory
{
    public static function createClaculator()
    {
        return new Add();
    }
}

减法工厂

<?php

class TractFactory implements Factory
{
    public static function createClaculator()
    {
        return new Tract();
    }
}

乘法工厂

<?php

class RideFactory implements Factory
{
    public static function createClaculator()
    {
        return new Ride();
    }
}

除法工厂

<?php

class DivideFactory implements Factory
{
    public static function createClaculator()
    {
        return new Divide();
    }
}

计算接口

<?php

Interface Claculator
{
    function evaluate($numberA, $numberB);
}

加法计算类

<?php

class Add implements Claculator
{
    public function evaluate($numberA, $numberB)
    {
        return $numberA+$numberB;
    }
}

减法计算类

<?php

class Tract implements Claculator
{
    public function evaluate($numberA, $numberB)
    {
        return $numberA-$numberB;
    }
}

乘法计算类

<?php

class Ride implements Claculator
{
    public function evaluate($numberA, $numberB)
    {
        return $numberA*$numberB;
    }
}

除法计算类

<?php

class Divide implements Claculator
{
    public function evaluate($numberA, $numberB)
    {
        if ($numberB==0)
            return null;
        return $numberA/$numberB;
    }
}

客户端代码

<?php

$numberA = isset($_GET['a'])?$_GET['a']:0;
$numberB = isset($_GET['b'])?$_GET['b']:0;
$type = isset($_GET['type'])?$_GET['type']:'+';

include './Factory.php';
include './factory/DivideFactory.php';
include './factory/AddFactory.php';
include './factory/TractFactory.php';
include './factory/RideFactory.php';

switch ($type) {
    case '+':
        $server = AddFactory::createClaculator();
        break;
    case '-':
        $server = TractFactory::createClaculator();
        break;
    case '*':
        $server = RideFactory::createClaculator();
        break;
    case '/':
        $server = DivideFactory::createClaculator();
        break;
    case '':
        $server = null;
        break;
}
if (empty($server))
    $result = 0;
else
    $result = $server->evaluate($numberA, $numberB);

var_dump($result);

UML类图

UML类图类似于这个图，这是从《大话设计模式》中截取的图片，只不过是类名称需要变化一下，体现的内容大同小异。

简单工厂模式VS工厂模式

工厂模式克服了简单工厂模式中违反了“开闭原则”的缺点，又保持了封装对象创建过程的优点。但工厂模式仅仅只为创建一个对象，就生成了2倍的类文件，个人感觉有点浪费。

简单工厂模式最大的优点在于工厂类中包含了必要的逻辑判断，根据客户端的选择条件动态选择实例化的类，对于客户端来说，去除了与具体产品的依赖，符合“迪米特原则”。

下一篇

初识设计模式——装饰器模式