svg嵌套svg_了解SVG reserveAspectRatio

最新推荐文章于 2023-10-20 09:17:24 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-10-20 09:17:24 发布

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文章标签： python java 人工智能计算机视觉 https

原文链接：https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/svg-preserve-aspect-ratio

版权

本文深入探讨了SVG的preserveAspectRatio属性，解释了如何在SVG嵌套时控制图像的缩放和对齐方式。通过示例展示了如何使用meet、slice、min、mid和max等值来调整图像在不同宽高比下的表现，帮助理解如何保持图形的纵横比。

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svg嵌套svg

preserveAspectRatio is the partner in crime of the SVG viewBox.

preserveAspectRatio是SVG viewBox犯罪的合作伙伴。

If you do not understand the viewBox just yet, then go check out my other article here explaining it.

如果您还不了解viewBox ，请在此处查看我的其他文章对其进行解释。

preserveAspectRatio gives us the ability to tell our graphic how to scale when the aspect ratio of the viewBox and viewPort are different. By default our preserveAspectRatio will tell our image to scale to fit the viewPort and to be centered. To explicitly set the default preserveAspectRatio, we do the following:

当viewBox和viewPort的纵横比不同时， preserveAspectRatio使我们能够告诉图形如何缩放。默认情况下， preserveAspectRatio会告诉我们图像缩放以适合viewPort并居中。要显式设置默认的preserveAspectRatio ，我们执行以下操作：

<svg viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet">

Let’s break this down a little so it’s not so scary looking!

让我们分解一下，这样看起来就不那么恐怖了！

xMidYMid - center the viewBox region within the viewPort region
xMidYMid将viewBox区域viewPort区域内
meet - scale our graphic until it meets the height and width of our viewPort
meet -扩展我们的图形，直到它符合我们的高度和宽度viewPort

Yikes! This is still pretty confusing, so let’s use an example to understand. We will use the famous Alligator.io logo to help our understanding.

kes！这仍然很令人困惑，所以让我们用一个例子来理解。我们将使用著名的Alligator.io徽标来帮助我们理解。

深入探究preserveAspectRatio (Delving into preserveAspectRatio)

The following is the markup for our SVG:

以下是我们的SVG的标记：

<svg width="100%" height="auto" viewBox="0 0 137 137" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd">
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    <path d="M72.96 31.3l-.12.62c6.56 1.51 13.7 3.4 21.13 5.65a324.6 324.6 0 0 1 22.61 7.71l.27-.63c-6.13-2.82-13.79-8.7-22-11.18-7.98-2.4-15.38-1.11-21.9-2.17M75.52 50.67s2.3 1.77 5.24 1.11c2.95-.64 5.25-2.82 5.25-2.82s-1.73-.32-3.92-.17c-.1.37-.21.78-.36 1.12-.35.78-1.2 1.19-1.2 1.19s-.24-.37-.41-1.34a2.78 2.78 0 0 1-.04-.7c-2.56.53-4.56 1.6-4.56 1.6M119.74 81.8s-5.31 4.91-17.9 10.61c-13.44 6.1-27.48 10.92-41.07 16.7l-.79 7.28s10.23-5.9 24.97-9.23c14.74-3.35 24.76-5.37 29.67-6.42a32.9 32.9 0 0 0 8.66-3.22l-3.54-15.72" fill="#FFFFFE"/><path d="M17.03 49.9c-2.1.63-3.98.5-4.22-.3-.24-.8 1.26-1.96 3.35-2.59 2.1-.63 3.98-.5 4.22.3.24.8-1.26 1.96-3.35 2.59zm89.44 36.4c4.75-2.73 10.49-6.24 13.05-11.29 5.3-10.41-6.67-18.76-15.53-20.42-1.5-.28-12.81-1.72-13.23.85.41-2.54 3.22-3.68 4.56-5.64 2.12-3.07-.87-3.64-3.26-4.67-4.12-1.78-8.4-3.1-12.92-3.19-4.66-.08-8.55.45-12.05 3.88-.62.6-1.43 1.5-1.55 2.35-.35 2.51 4.67 3.29 6.1 2.4a28.4 28.4 0 0 1 10.78-3.73c2.48-.31 5.05-.44 7.46.32.65.21 1.35.46 1.91.85.06.04.48.45.52.45h-4.05s-2.43 3.82-8.1 5.44c-5.68 1.63-13.3-1.62-13.3-1.62s-5.56-2.64-10.58-1.99c-5.03.65-6.13 0-6.13 0v2.4s-2.43-1.63-5.27-2.4c-2.84-.77-6.9-2.67-11.96-1.84-5.07.84-6.09.18-10.75-1.84-4.66-2.01-9.68-1.43-12.57 3.68-2.89 5.12.81 8.4.81 8.4l4.22.11c.92-.06 1.84-.11 2.7-.1.29-1.77 1.12-5.6 3.08-6.55 2.56-1.24 1.36 3 1.63 5 .12.9.31 1.79.48 2.5 3.39 1.27 6.67 3.24 11.2 2.57 5.48-.82 11.36-4.61 16.63-1.7l.22.12c.51-1.15 1.76-3.67 3.03-4 1.66-.44.14 2.27-.13 3.7-.12.63-.2 1.26-.25 1.77.56.31 1.12.62 1.68.9.36-1.35 1.03-3.39 2.04-3.88 1.54-.74.57 2.21.59 3.66 0 .53.03 1.06.07 1.51 2.66 1.14 5.28 1.79 7.96 1.36 5.06-.81 5.83-3.02 13.58.14 2.27.92 4.68 2.99 7.05 3.31 1.22.17 2.86.12 4-.4 1.71-.79.68-1.98-.89-1.89a3.02 3.02 0 0 1 2.4-1.4c3.41-.23 4.58 4.4 5.71 6.81 1.7 3.61 1.35 7.59-.5 11.07-5.6 10.49-22.03 17.44-22.03 17.44s2.38-.75 12.17-5.07c6.56-2.9 13.2-5.78 19.42-9.36z" fill="#409144"/>
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    <path d="M66.83 52.6c-.07-2.58 1.23-4.7 2.92-4.76 1.7-.04 3.12 2 3.19 4.58.07 2.58-1.24 4.7-2.92 4.75-1.7.05-3.12-2-3.19-4.58zm17.56 45.22c-5.62-2.47-12.84-7.58-13.06-15.43-.2-6.76.32-19.85.48-23.37 1.88-.93 3.2-3.56 3.11-6.61-.1-3.79-2.31-6.8-4.93-6.72-2.62.07-4.66 3.2-4.55 6.98.1 3.73 2.25 6.7 4.81 6.71-.25 3.67-.84 17.21-.51 23.54.38 7.3 7.66 15.72 18.12 17.27 10.32 1.51 29.54 1.09 29.54 1.09l1.71-1.24S90 100.3 84.4 97.82z" fill="#322549"/>
  </g>
</svg>

As you can see we haven’t defined a preserveAspectRatio for our SVG so it will default to preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet".

正如你所看到的，我们没有定义preserveAspectRatio我们的SVG所以它会默认为preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet" 。

The scale ratio of our image is 1:1 so when the height and width of our viewPort matches, we won’t have to worry about our preserveAspectRatio

我们的图像的比例是1:1 ，所以当我们的高度和宽度viewPort的比赛，我们不会有我们的担心preserveAspectRatio

What will happen when the aspect ratio of our viewPort and viewBox are different?

当viewPort和viewBox的宽高比不同时会发生什么？

Let’s look at a few examples:

让我们看几个例子：

In the above example our viewPort has the dimensions 100x100 so our preserveAspectRatio does not matter here.

在上面的例子中，我们viewPort具有尺寸100x100所以我们preserveAspectRatio此处无关紧要。

Now our dimensions are 500x100 , as you can see the image is now centered and the aspect ratio stays the same.

现在，我们的尺寸为500x100 ，如您所见，图像现在居中且纵横比保持不变。

If we were to set preserveAspectRatio="none", our image would stretch to fit the viewPort just like a raster image:

如果我们要设置viewPort preserveAspectRatio="none" ，那么我们的图像将像栅格图像一样拉伸以适合viewPort ：

I think you can now see why preserveAspectRatio is so useful!

我认为您现在可以看到为什么preserveAspectRatio如此有用！

相遇VS切片 (Meet vs Slice)

So far we have only used the meet value, this tells our image to be contained within the viewPort, similar to background-size: contain. What would happen instead if we changed this to slice?

到目前为止，我们只使用了meet价值，这告诉我们的形象是包含在中viewPort ，类似background-size: contain 。如果我们将其更改为slice将会发生什么呢？

Hmm, so what exactly has happened? slice behaves similarly to background-size:cover , our image will basically scale to the dimensions of the viewPort and slice off any excess. This can be quite useful for background images or a background on a banner.

嗯，到底发生了什么事？ slice行为类似于background-size:cover ，我们的图像基本上会按比例缩放到viewPort的尺寸，并viewPort任何多余的部分。这对于背景图像或横幅背景非常有用。